My Personal Goal of Becoming a Mechanical Engineer

Admission Essay I have literally known what I want to be since I was a toddler. Of course, as a three-year old putting together Legos, I could not have verbalized that I want to be a mechanical engineer. However, it was at that time that I began to develop and use the skills that I will need for my desired career. I began to consider how parts went together and the different components necessary to build and sustain various systems. Part of the inspiration was the simple fun that I had while putting together these small toys, but part of my inspiration was my father. He was a maintenance turn-around coordinator at an oil refinery, which led to my own desire to work as a mechanical engineer in a refinery one day. As I grew older, my interest in mechanical engineering remained constant, though I expanded my interest beyond the oil refineries. In fact, after attending a pre-college program, Jackling Introduction to Engineering, offered by Missouri Science and Technology in Rolla, Missouri in the summe r of 2011, I realized that engineering was the perfect way to exercise my curiosity and inventiveness in a constructive and productive manner. Interestingly enough, I would say that Legos played a tremendous role in helping me develop my goals. I began playing with the toys when I was 3 years old, a hobby I embraced throughout my childhood. I participated in the Lego Robotics competition at Florissant Valley Community College in Missouri in 2005. When I was 10 years old, IShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose for an Education in Mechanical Engineering1247 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this report is to design my process to become a World Class Engineering student. This will help me become a better engineering student and In this report I will discuss my goals and plans to become a better engineering student. My goal is to earn a bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering and then find a career as a mechanical engineer. In order to achieve my goals I will have to have a plan and then work hard to stay on track in order to be successful engineeringRead MoreMy Personal Goals809 Words   |  4 PagesPersistence is the cornerstone to my character and it fuels my passion towards reaching my goals. Each time I am presented with a new challenge in life it is my persistence that assures my success. Everything I have achieved is due to my willingness to press forward. I have always set ambitious goals for myself because I enjoy the process required to attain them. I have found that hidden in the arduous process of attaining challenging goals is the key to de veloping self-discipline. I am convincedRead MoreThe Key to My Future1075 Words   |  4 PagesKnowledge and Skills A) The specific academic program that is best for turning my passion into a powerful career is mechanical engineering. This will be my academic major course of study, and will most likely lead to a graduate program in mechanical engineering. Naturally, the academic coursework needed to complete an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering will prepare me for a successful career in the field of applied science and product design. Specific courses that I will encounterRead MoreEngineering Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesways. The development of electricity led to the creation of electrical engineering, a challenging vocation that changed and improved our way of life. In this paper I will discuss the history of electrical engineering, the preparation for becoming an electrical engineer, and the actual career. The history of electrical engineering is rather recent, but it is based on ancient ideas. Electricity and magnetism are the two bases for electrical engineering. 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When you are using your cellphoneRead MoreOverview of Biomedical Engineering as a Career Path1805 Words   |  8 PagesWhitaker Foundation). Becoming a biomedical engineer is an excellent career choice because it has a positive outlook, earnings are excellent, and it is an opportunity to contribute to the health of humankind. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook, biomedical engineers held about 19,400 jobs in 2012. The state of California currently employs 5,420 biomedical engineers and Massachusetts employs 1,750 biomedical engineers. My commitment to become a

Organizational Contextual Dimension Culture - 773 Words

What is Organizational Culture? Organizational culture is a set of shared values, the unwritten rules which are often taken for granted, that guide the employees towards acceptable and rewarding behavior. The organizational culture exists at two distinct levels, visible and hidden. The visible aspect of the organization is reflected in artifacts, symbols and visible behavior of employees. The hidden aspect is related to underlying values and assumptions that employees make regarding the acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Artifacts: These are visible components of culture, they are easy to formulate, have some physical shape, yet its perception varies from one individual to another. 1-Rituals and ceremonies: New hire trainings,†¦show more content†¦Control/Decision: Management by nature is about control, the difference is how it enforces it. Well defined guidance, job description and authority of taking decisions are formal methods of control, while team or collective decision making is a social or cultural method of control. The functional or divisional structure encourages formal control while process or network structures promote a culture of employee empowerment. Responsibility: The authority of decision making is closely related to issue of responsibilities. The culture of responsibility is measured by observing whether the individuals are expected to take responsibility of their decisions or there is a collective responsibility in case of team decisions. Assumptions: Both the artifacts and the values give rise to assumptions the employees make about the organizations culture. Finally, it’s the assumptions that govern how an employee determines the right behavior and feels about his job and career, how the culture actually operates within the organizational system. Failures: The implication of failure is the most influential assumption that every employee derives from all the artifacts, stories, myths and values. The fear of failure and how it would be perceived determines the actual empowerment felt by the employee; the stated values vs. practicedShow MoreRelatedPlaza Inn Essays1169 Words   |  5 Pages E-mail: sammar@bloomu.edu OR soniaz23@aol.com 3. Department: Department of Management 4. Course Number: 93.362 5. Course Title: Organizational Design 6. Credit Hours: 3 7. Prerequisites: 93.344, Principles of Management 8. Catalog Description: This course discusses the difference between micro and macro perspectives in the study of organization and provides a macro view inRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The Business Environment1356 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities and barriers (Papulova Papulova, 2006). 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Government Policy Tools Economic Behavior †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Government Policy Tools Economic Behavior. Answer: Introduction: When making any pricing decision, it is crucial for the decision maker to determine the price elasticity of demand for the product at consideration. This is because it determines the level of change in demand that may result from that price change. The major idea of imposing a tax on sugar is to make the products expensive so as to discourage consumption. I would support the tax imposition on the basis that it will most likely discourage the consumption of the product especially to the low and middle income group who rely mostly on the government health care management. For the rich group, consumption may not change but this will not impose huge costs on the government as most of them have some private doctors. For the high calorie sweets and sugary snacks, PED is -0.270 whereas for low calories its -0.295. This inelastic demand represents a small decrease in demand. The inelastic demand is the reason for the small demand decrease after the high price is charged; the shift to healthy eating is lower. However, the governments revenue will rise enabling subsidization of fruits and vegetables whose demand is depressed by high prices. The cost on health services will somehow be lower; but the tax imposed has to be high to effect some significant change. Pumping up total spending is an expansionary fiscal government policy. It is mainly aimed and expanding the economys income level and subsequently enabling the consumers and households to raise their spending. The additional spending will result in an increase in the aggregate demand and hence the economys price level will rise. Makin noted that this increase in spending will distort the balance of trade by consumption of goods that would have been exported if demand didnt go up. However, the simple idea is formed on the basis of Keynesian assumption of a closed economy. When general price rises, private investors produce more to supplement the high demand. Automatic changes causes an increase in the governments budget balance. Given a fixed level of government spending and a recessionary situation, the governments revenue collected from tax will fall since demand for goods and services from where government gets indirect taxes will fall. There will also be a loss of jobs from where government gets its direct taxes. So the government will be spending more but raising less revenue (budget deficit). To control the situation, the government cannot raise taxes because it will worsen the situation, it raises its spending by sourcing from increased borrowing. High borrowing raises the government budget balance. Makin argued that a fiscal contraction is the best idea to boost macroeconomic growth management. The government spends more on unnecessary programs of which it can do without and have no change on the economy. He quoted that increased borrowing to supplement extra spending only suppressed growth for the private investors as it resulted in increased interest rate. Thus, spending on wasteful programs should be cut. This cut will reduce the need for government to borrow and a lower budget balance will be the outcome. This change will result in a falling interest rate which will boost the investment level and hence growth stimulation. Conclusion: Economic stimulus is not always created through fiscal policy tools. Sometimes there could be the use of monetary policy tools by the central bank. What the central bank does during low economic performance is either cutting the interest rate or to facilitate the growth of the money supply. As Makin noted, a reduction in interest rate will have a positive effect on the economys level of investment as investors will be stimulated to borrow more capital. In the same way, increased money supply expands economys income and encourages spending which end up stimulating output growth. Monetary policy doesnt risk the economys credit worthiness and is thus effective compared to fiscal.

German Journal Of Human Resource Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The German Journal Of Human Resource Management? Answer: Introduction Meaning and concept of Leadership have been changing through times. The basic understanding of leadership stands as leading and influencing someone for something to accomplish. It is about finding out what a company wants to achieve and then influencing the people of that company to follow and achieve that. Leadership can be seen as a complex relationship between people and the relationship is shaped and guided by trust, emotions and commitment. In very simple words, it is the process of influencing other people for accomplishing something common (Northouse, 2015). The concept of leadership has been defined by many experts in different ways depending on various contexts. Leadership theories are structured ways to analyse how the concept of leadership has been used and practiced in different ways. Leadership can be conceptualised in different ways and leadership theories has identified those ways in a systematic aspect. From time to time, leading people is seen as influencing or guidi ng or commanding. Different leadership theories explained the relationship between leaders and followers in different way (Antonakis, 2017). This report analysed two leadership theories namely Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership in detailed. Further, in this report, mentioned two theories discussed in detailed with suitable examples. Also, these two theories have been compared with each other to understand the in-depth perspective of each one. Meaning of Transactional Leadership The word Transaction means act of transacting something between groups or within the group. Transactional Leadership can be understood as management process of organising, supervising or controlling subordinates to achieve certain performance. In transactional leadership, followers are motivated by self-interest which is appealing to them. It can be simply viewed as exchange of rewards for the purpose of compliance with regards to followers. It based on basic idea that employees are not self-motivated to do something, so leaders need to give something to employees and in return employees will do something which a leader wants. Employees require instructions, guidelines, structure and monitoring to do and complete the tasks assigned (Furtner, Baldegger Rauthmann, 2013). Transactional Leadership is useful in the organisations where structure is very important and it is not effective in organisations where taking initiatives are encouraged. Transactional leaders work within the establi shed structure to achieve results. In this type of leadership, leaders are given with power and they can correct, evaluate and train their subordinates to achieve predetermined goals. It primarily focuses on achieving goals in exchange of giving something; it can be reward or punishment (Hamstra et al. 2014). Development of Transactional Leadership This theory was first developed by Max Weber in 1947 and then further research and development was done by Bernard M. Bass in 1981. This leadership style was widely practiced in the United States of America after World War II. It is most commonly adopted by managers in business organisations as it increases the ability to confirm the implementation of management process (McCleskey, 2014). Assumptions of Transactional Leadership In this aspect, there some important assumptions of transactional leadership theory; First, it is assumed that employees are only influenced and motivated by the means of reward and punishment. Second, employees have to obey and act accordingly as per the instructions and orders given by the superior. Third, leaders follow the telling style; it means leaders tell subordinates about what to do as subordinates are not self-motivated. To achieve desired performance and predetermined goals, a transaction takes place in between leaders and followers. In general sense, transactional leaders believe that human being always tries to maximise their pleasurable experience and minimise their non-pleasurable experience (Dinh et al. 2014). Characteristics of Transactional Leadership In transactional leadership, motivation work as external approach. It means employees are rewarded for desired outcome and punished for deviation. Leader leads team in a reward-punish system within which teamwork play a narrower role. Leaders following transactional style of leadership are very practical as they are only concerned and focused with desired result. They are adverse to change; it means they want to work in the existing system. Transactional leaders are not proactive; they are passive in nature as they react when something happens. They micro manage things and want things should go as per predefined plans. In this leadership style, organisation structure is strictly followed; hierarchical importance is there. It is also focused on short-term goals and inflexible in nature (McCleskey, 2014). Advantages and Disadvantages of Transactional Leadership This type of leadership is very effective in terms of achieving short term goals. It works well in structured and organised business organisations. In this framework of leadership, rewards and punishments are clearly defined for employees. Also, there are certain disadvantages are associated with transactional leadership. Transactional leaders can only motivate base level employees as the concept of transaction works well for base level employees only. This type of leadership limits the scope and applicability of creativity. Also, employee initiatives are not appreciated and rewarded in transactional leadership (Tyssen, Wald Spieth, 2014). Applicability of Transactional Leadership In todays world, there are places where transactional leadership can work well. Especially in multinational companies where diversified group of employees work together, transactional leadership is the best style to guide employees as it works on the basis of clear structure. It is very easy to learn and implement. Extensive training requirement is low in this type of leadership. Due to its simplicity in learning and implementation, it is preferred leadership style in crisis situation. In military and police organisations, transactional leadership is adopted. In some cases, transactional leadership is viewed as insufficient but it is not ineffective and bad style of leadership. Transactional Leadership forms the basis of mature communication within an organisation but precisely leaders should take care about exclusive and extensive practice of it (Huijun Jianjun, 2015). Example of Transactional Leader: Howard Schultz Many military leaders and CEOs of well-known multinationals are known to be Transactional Leaders. To explain transactional leadership, in this report well known American Businessman Howard Schultz is discussed as an example. He is former CEO of Starbucks and now he is the executive chairman of Starbucks. He was born in July 19th, 1953 in New York, USA. He is a Northern Michigan University graduate. He stared his career as sales representative in Xerox Corporation in 1975. In 1979, he became General Manager of Swedish company HAMMARPLAST. Later on, in 1982, he stared his journey in Starbucks. He joined as Director of Retail Operations and Marketing. He tried to fancy Italian coffee culture in Starbucks but failed to get the permission from then owner of Starbucks. He left Starbucks in 1985 and opened his own coffee bar Il Giornale. In 1987, Schultz purchased Starbucks from its owner in $3.8 million (Starbucks Newsroom, 2017). His transactional leadership was based on dominant trait a s contingent rewards. It includes more pay to employees above the minimum pay, offer of extra benefits, and offer of stock options and promotions options. It proves to be effective in Starbucks as employees felt motivated due to all these efforts. As a result of his transactional leadership efforts, Starbucks share rose up to 6%, employees got well trained in handling customers, employees were motivated to do their assigned tasks as proper guidelines were provide with them and as result employees turnover decreased up to 50%. Schultz as a transactional leader became successful in many aspects but his leadership style worked only in base level. He achieved obedience of his employees but in long term due to low task satisfaction, employees lost their commitment (Venngage, 2017) Meaning of Transformational Leadership Transformational Leadership refers to the process of transforming an organisation by empowering employees to initiate major changes. Transformational Leaders are motivators and they motivate their employees to do more. Through transformational leadership both leaders and follower can be raised to a higher level of motivation and morality by engaging with one another. Leaders who are transformational, they believe that employees can be inspired to achieve extraordinary results (Mitchell et al. 2014). Along with this process, leaders can become more good leaders as it lifts the process of positive transformation for both leaders and followers. Leaders are treated as ideal by followers in this type of leadership. Transformational Leaders pay attention to individuals and show concern for followers as they want their followers should achieve more. Transformational Leadership follows a process. It starts with creating a vision which should excite and attract followers. Then leaders should try to sell the unique vision among followers to develop network. This way transformational leaders guide their followers through a roadmap. They take charge of leading task, always visible and lead from being in the front (Carter et al. 2013). Development of Transformational Leadership The concept of transformational leadership was first developed by J.V. Downton in 1973. Then in 1978, James McGregor introduced this term in his book Leadership. In 1985, Banard M. Bass has discussed the formal framework for Transformational Leadership. In 1986, a book named The Transformational Leadership was written by Noel M. Tichy and Marry Anne Devanna and in this book they have discussed this concept in detail (McCleskey, 2014). Assumptions of Transformational Leadership There are certain assumptions of Transformational Leadership. First, people will naturally follow a leader who inspires them. The passion and vision of transformational leader can influence his or her followers to achieve more great things. Third, in this type of leadership, leaders positive energy and enthusiasm are most important to motivate and inspire their followers. Fourth, leaders must challenge their follower in order to stimulate their intelligence to do more and achieve more (Herman Chiu, 2014). Characteristics of Transformational Leadership Transformational Leadership based on the leaders belief that motivation is internal and self-management is most crucial. Difficult decisions are taken on the basis of clearly stated vision, goals and objectives. Transformational Leaders can initiate required transformation within the organisation as they can put aside their ego and work for organisations objectives. In transformational leadership, leaders take risk on the basis cost and benefit, which is better known as calculated risk. Leaders who adopt this leadership should know about the circumstances of the organisation and it will increase their knowledge base about the organisation. Transformational leaders are good listener and they appreciate new ideas. They work as proactive and visionary (Carter et al. 2014). Advantages and Disadvantages of Transformational Leadership In Transformational Leadership, leaders can assure higher achievement and efficiency by employees. Leaders focus on employees and put emphasis on their needs, morals and values. It creates a positive and enthusiastic work environment which helps to achieve more. Also, through transformational leadership, leaders can develop future leaders from his followers. An organisation where transformational leadership is practiced, employees feel they are working in more creative and innovative work environment. As employees are inspired to work more, they will work for their leader if they are not monetarily well paid. In spite of all these advantages, there are some limitations and disadvantages of transformational leadership. In transformational leadership, the outcome is totally depends on leaders ability. Transformational Leadership lacks some conceptual clarity. Sometimes, leaders may lack some required skill and characteristics which are required to inspire and motivate their followers ( Vito, Higgins Denney, 2014). Applicability of Transformational Leadership Transformational Leadership is best applicable in an organisation which needs transformation due to being out-dated with regards to present business environment. It also works best in small business organisations as they try to achieve big and very adaptive to change. In big organisations, transformational leaders can be brought by board of directors to motivate employees and inspire them to achieve organisational goals in a better way, whenever it is needed. Transformational Leadership is best in developing trust between employees and leaders (Breevaart et al. 2014). Example of Transformational Leader: Elon Musk To discuss transformational leadership, in this report, Elon Musk and his leadership style have been discussed. Elon Musk is an American Businessman, Inventor, Investor, Engineer and CEO of many famous companies. He is well known for founding and leading companies like SpaceX, PayPal, Tesla Motors, Hyperloop, SolarCity and many more. Elon Musk is famous for his visionary approach towards his work and dream. He leads his team to drive towards excellence and solving problems for mankind. In such a manner, Musk is always inspirational for his employees. Employees feel inspired as vision of Musk keep them motivating as they feel they are part of a great journey (Blazek, 2016). The incredible journey of Elon Musk started in South Africa. He did not experience a happy childhood. Despite of all these facts, he pushed himself to achieve more and got admission in Ph.D. program in Applied Physics of Stanford University; but he left this program in two days to work on his entrepreneurial dreams . In PayPal, due to his approach and transformational style of leadership, he got involved in conflict situation with other leaders. Tesla Motors experienced many failures time to time, it is Elon Musk who continued to fund Tesla Motors and build the trust between employees. Musk always outspoken about his ability and eagerness to learn new things, which in turn, provided road map for his employees. When Tesla Motors were facing funding issues, Elon himself work at very ground level with team and given outstanding efforts for raising funds. Its altogether proves his transformational leadership and leading from being in the front (Braun el al. 2013). Comparison between Transactional and Transformational Leadership The difference between transactional and transformational leadership is quite large and considerable. In simple words, Transactional Leadership is about telling leadership and Transformational Leadership is selling leadership. Transactional Leadership focuses on rewards and punishment, in other words it is about positive and negative enforcement; while Transformational Leadership is about inspiration and motivation by leaders. Transactional Leaders are reactive as they only react when something happened; Transformational Leaders are proactive as they belief on inspiring their followers. Transactional Leadership is concerned with appealing to individuals self-interest and Transformational Leadership is concerned with progress of group (Taylor, Cornelius Colvin, 2014). Transactional Leaders are mostly successful in big organisations where there is a proper structure is in place. Transformational Leaders are mostly successful in small organisation format as small organisations are adap tive to change and visionary transformation (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). Transactional Leadership deals with the present situation while Transformational Leadership deals with new expectations of followers. Regarding organisation culture, transformational leaders change organisation culture through bringing new ideas and on other side transactional leaders within the existing organisation culture. Transactional Leaders try to implement management by exception to maintain status quo. Transformational Leaders crate learning environment and opportunities for their followers and inspire their followers to learn new things and solve problems. Transactional Leadership can be viewed as normal social exchange between leaders and his or her followers. In contrast, through transformational leadership, higher level of trust can be built between leaders and followers (Rowold, 2014). Conclusion Review of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Theory shows that concept of leadership is broadly contrasted in practice and depends on the organisation structure and requirement. Every leadership style has its own advantage and disadvantages; it is on the wisdom of leaders to apply which one in which context. Application of suitable leadership in right context can increase productivity and efficiency of organisation (Vito, Higgins Denney, 2014). Leadership and Leaders can influence employees and followers and in turn organisations and groups performance is impacted. In conclusion, it can be said that a great and good leader is who, who is able chose and apply different types of leadership style according to the situation. There is not effective and efficient leadership style for any particular organisation structure or situation, applicability of leadership style largely depends on choice and personality of a leader (Buble, Juras Mati?, 2014). References Antonakis, J. (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Aritz, J., Walker, R. C. (2014). Leadership styles in multicultural groups: Americans and East Asians working together.International Journal of Business Communication,51(1), 72-92. Blazek, K. (2016). THE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE OF ELON MUSK. Retrieved 20 September 2017, from https://www.boothco.com/360-feedback-resources/leadership-style-of-elon-musk/ Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 270-283. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), 138-157. Buble, M., Juras, A., Mati?, I. (2014). The relationship between managers leadership styles and motivation.Management: journal of contemporary management issues,19(1), 161-193. Carter, M. Z., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Mossholder, K. W. (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), 942-958. Carter, M. Z., Mossholder, K. W., Feild, H. S., Armenakis, A. A. (2014). Transformational leadership, interactional justice, and organizational citizenship behavior: The effects of racial and gender dissimilarity between supervisors and subordinates.Group Organization Management,39(6), 691-719. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Vito, G., E. Higgins, G., S. Denney, A. (2014). Transactional and transformational leadership: An examination of the leadership challenge model.Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies Management,37(4), 809-822. Furtner, M. R., Baldegger, U., Rauthmann, J. F. (2013). Leading yourself and leading others: Linking self-leadership to transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,22(4), 436-449. Hamstra, M. R., Van Yperen, N. W., Wisse, B., Sassenberg, K. (2014). Transformational and transactional leadership and followers achievement goals.Journal of Business and Psychology,29(3), 413-425. Herman, H. M., Chiu, W. C. (2014). Transformational leadership and job performance: A social identity perspective.Journal of Business Research,67(1), 2827-2835. Huijun, Y., Jianjun, Y. (2015). Transactional Leadership, Competitive Intensity, Technological Innovation Choices and Firm Performance.Journal of Management,4, 001. Taylor, C., J. Cornelius, C., Colvin, K. (2014). Visionary leadership and its relationship to organizational effectiveness.Leadership Organization Development Journal,35(6), 566-583. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Joyce, P., Chiang, V. (2014). Transformation through tension: The moderating impact of negative affect on transformational leadership in teams.Human Relations,67(9), 1095-1121. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Odumeru, J. A., Ogbonna, I. G. (2013). Transformational vs. transactional leadership theories: Evidence in literature.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(2), 355. Rowold, J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Extending the transformational-transactional leadership paradigm.German Journal of Human Resource Management,28(3), 367-390. Starbucks Newsroom (2017). Executive Team. Retrieved 20 September 2017, from https://news.starbucks.com/contact/leadership/howard-schultz Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., Spieth, P. (2014). The challenge of transactional and transformational leadership in projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(3), 365-375. Venngage (2017). Howard Schultz Transactional Traits. Retrieved 20 September 2017, from https://infograph.venngage.com/p/149124/howard-schultz-transactional-traits

Words Will Never Hurt Me Essay Example

Words Will Never Hurt Me Paper One important step in order to avoid any kind of fight and unpleasant situation in class is to ignore bullying done by some students. The students, who get into bullying others their main purpose is to cause frustration, arouse anger and pinch others. However, if they do not get any response they simply leave it. Some students find pleasure in making others angry and disturbing them. Parents and teachers interference is a must when students fight or bully each other. Some students in the class have the habit of bullying others, using abusive language, take control of power in the class, and show themselves as very genius. They try to putdown their fellows, taunt them, tease and mock to evoke anger. In such situations other students must get help from their teachers and parents. Parents and teachers must interfere to get the things settle down. Sally explores in details the reason why some students stick on bullying others. She writes in details about several ways that kids can handle in situations where they’re bullied by someone. They can simple skip teasing and mocking done by others. Sally makes some important points that some students may get obsessive about their religion, race and color. She explores the reasons that why do some students have such a hateful attitude towards others. They might be jealous at something. They might be jealous of the good marks other students obtain, the attention they get from the teacher, the things they posses, and they also have a jealousy among friendships with girls. There could be many reasons. Students get jealous at several points. Sally in her book uses some practical and fun methods instead of making situation stressful, tensed and demanding. It is not necessary that we should always taunt, criticize and show anger on students for not getting work the right way. We will write a custom essay sample on Words Will Never Hurt Me specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Words Will Never Hurt Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Words Will Never Hurt Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But what teachers must have in them is to understand each and every student and before criticizing them s/he must ask student why it was not possible for him/her to accomplish the task. Many studies show that when we make things stressful for students they loose interest in it. It is very important that teachers must take interest while teaching kids. It is a generally observable thing that when teachers take interest while teaching and pay attention to each and every student the results are much more fruitful. Developing student’s interest requires skilled teaching. The one that makes teaching a fun and exciting for students, it must not be a hectic or burden. Once students get interested, the subject itself becomes an attention-grabbing for students. Just dictating students few important points is not enough as most students cannot keep their concentration focused on what is being said. This is because they loose interest. The only way to keep them interested is to teach them practical way. Teacher and students both must be practically involved in performing those tasks that are being taught. Practically each and everything can be understood in a much better way. While studying a topic or subject it is important to explore it practically. It is a well known fact that unless we don’t do things practically there are many things left that are not clear. By doing things practically it is easier to memorize and get familiar with the topic of study. In addition, making some of things fun can simply boost their interest. Sally blends her teaching experience with psychology of students in the classroom and humor that makes classroom situation pleasant and interesting place to learn. The tips and techniques she addressed are useful not only for teachers and classroom but they can be useful for parents and in general for everyone who engages in teaching and dealing with kids. It is a blend of psychological principles and teaching techniques that makes learning much better. Verbal abuse is common in today’s classroom. If not tolerated, it can result in serious kind of fight between the two groups. Sally, in Words Cannot Hurt Me, deals with emotional state of students who suffer in class and make them aware of several practices they can adopt to avoid such bullying.

Save The Planet, Eat Less Meat Professor Ramos Blog

Save The Planet, Eat Less Meat In May of 2019 it was announced that sensors in Hawaii had recorded that atmospheric CO2 on Earth had passed 415 parts per million for the first time in the history of humankind. Meteorologist Eric Holthaus put it simply, â€Å"we don’t know a planet like this† (Dockrill). A senior scientist at NOAA, or Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, said that the recent measurements, â€Å"help us verify climate model projections, which if anything, have underestimated the rapid pace of climate change being observed† (Stein). It’s no secret that the situation with our Earth’s climate is dire, but most everyone feels helpless in the fight to stop it. But the truth of the situation is that the average person is very much in command of the future of the planet and one simple change would make a world, literally, of difference. That simple change is the shift to making an effort to eat less meat, and more plant based food. The base argument for asking for a decree in meat consumption has two simple components. Globally, the shift to a vegetarian or vegan diet would lead to a massive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of up to two thirds (Springmann). And in one’s personal life, the change in diet would also have significant positive effects on those who choose to participate. Studies the average vegetarian lives up to nine years longer than their non-vegetarian counterparts, a significant increase in life expectancy (Hauser). Still, while these statistics show significant potential, many may choose to remain steadfast in their decision to continue with their consumption of meat and animal products, for one reason or another. Whether someone is uncomfortable abandoning animal products all together or they feel they cannot put the effort into such a diet, there is still room for those people in this battle. If one was not prepared to make the shift to a totally vegetarian diet but still willing to reign in their meat consumption to a comfortable place, the results would still be positive. Marco Springmann, a researcher behind the studies of the impact of diets on the climate, says this flexible diet, â€Å"is the least stringent that is both healthy and would reduce greenhouse gas emissions enough for us to stay within environmental limits† (Drayer). This diet has been given the nickname â€Å"flexitarian,† which is a diet in which one makes an effort to eat vegetarian when possible but will still consume meat or animal products. While it may not have the massive global effect of a total shift to vegetarian and vegan diets, a flexitarian diet can still be enough to do significant good in the name of environmental reparations. For those who feel attracted to a flexitarian diet, it is important to consider that not all meat is made equally and some meat production is harsher on the environment than others. Of all meat products one should do their best to eat less, or none, of, dairy and beef products top the list. Livestock accounts for more than 40 percent of all greenhouse gases, and cows make up 50 percent of those emissions (Singh). Cutting back on beef and dairy, whether completely or incrementally, is one of the most effective things a person can quickly do to help climate change. And from an ethical position, this move would potentially also begin to chip away the widespread abuse that the average commercial cows experience on a daily basis and allow for smaller scale cleaner, safer, and more ethical food production. Currently, despite cows having a lifespan of over 20 years, a cow on a commercial dairy farm rarely makes it past age 6 (â€Å"The Life of: Dairy Cows†). Still, ethical arguments themselves are representative of â€Å"moral vegetarianism,† a concept that not all proponents of decreased meat consumption supports, as ethical arguments are susceptible to philosophical arguing and might ultimately impede a movement away from heavy meat consumption (Henning). Moving away from ethics, the numbers in support of making such a change in one’s personal life nearly speak for themselves. One study into the potential greenhouse gas reductions by an increase in vegetarian diets explains that the adoption of such a lifestyle reduce per-capita gas emissions by 37% (67% for a vegan diet), blue water use by 70%, and land occupation by 70% (Goldstein). And while some suggest that a reduction in meat in one’s diet would mean the loss of one’s primary source of protein, you can rest easy as the average person only gains around 20% of their protein intake from animal products, a small percentage easily made up for with plant based protein (Clarke). Furthermore, planning and executing vegetarian meals and diets could not be easier in our modern and information based age. A plethora of options are available to anyone interested in vegetarian diets, whether it be the hundreds to thousands of cookbooks available, the recipes readily avail able online, or an online plant based meal planning service such as the Eat What Elephants Eat Nutrition and Wellness program. The Eat What Elephants program was founded by Dominick Thompson, a former inmate who went vegan while incarcerated. Dominick hopes that his program will made eating vegan, â€Å"fun, tasty, and more importantly, affordable† (Schaefer). Graph by Shrink That Footprint, an organization devoted to reducing greenhouse gas emissions While the Earth faces life-altering climate change and ecological decimation we must do everything we can to protect the future of our planet and the futures of the children and creatures ahead of us who will inherit this Earth. Climate change and the effects we will see as a result of it are not fantasy, they are peer-reviewed scientific facts, and with this we must act and the simplest way we can do this is through through painless effort of lowering or eliminating one’s meat and dairy consumption. One cannot easily end the limitless supply of trash filling the ocean, or the ecological destruction in foreign lands by billion dollar corporations, but one can make the decision as to what they eat every day. Whether you choose to eat vegan, vegetarian, or flexitarian, all are equally important to our fight against the environmental decimation that our planet and species are facing. That one decision would make all the difference. Clarke, Alexis. â€Å"Vegetarianism and Sustainability.† Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society. Dockrill, Peter. â€Å"Its Official: Atmospheric CO2 Just Exceeded 415 Ppm For The First Time in Human History.† ScienceAlert, www.sciencealert.com/it-s-official-atmospheric-co2-just-exceeded-415-ppm-for-first-time-in-human-history. Drayer, Lisa. â€Å"How Your Diet Could Help Combat Climate Change in 2019.† CNN, Cable News Network, 2 Jan. 2019, www.cnn.com/2018/10/18/health/plant-based-diet-climate-change-food-drayer/index.html. Goldstein B, Moses R, Sammons N, Birkved M (2017) Potential to curb the environmental burdens of American beef consumption using a novel plant-based beef substitute. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189029. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189029 Hauser, Annie. Eat Vegetarian, Live Longer?† HuffPost, HuffPost, 7 Dec. 2017, www.huffpost.com/entry/vegetarians-live-longer-longevity_n_1961967. Henning, Brian. â€Å"Moral Vegetarianism: A Whiteheadian Response to Andrew F. Smith.† Brian Henning, 2016. Schaefer, Michelle. â€Å"Eat What Elephants Eat Is More Than Just A Best Selling T-Shirt.† VegNews. https://vegnews.com/2019/1/eat-what-elephants-eat-is-more-than-just-a-best-selling-t-shirt-its-a-mindset. Singh, Maanvi. â€Å"Gassy Cows Are Warming The Planet, And Theyre Here To Stay.† NPR, NPR, 12 Apr. 2014, npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/04/11/301794415/gassy-cows-are-warming-the-planet-and-theyre-here-to-stay. Springmann, Marco. â€Å"Plant-Based Diets Could Save Millions of Lives and Dramatically Cut†¦ Oxford Martin School, 30 May 2019, oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/news/201603-plant-based-diets/. Stein, Theo. â€Å"Carbon Dioxide Levels Hit Record Peak in May.† Welcome to NOAA Research, Welcome to NOAA Research, 3 June 2019, research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2461/Carbon-dioxide-levels-hit-record-peak-in-May. â€Å"The Life of: Dairy Cows.† Compassion In World Farming, ciwf.org.uk/media/5235185/the-life-of-dairy-cows.pdf.

Incidence of ill effects from exposure to the radio frequency Essay

Incidence of ill effects from exposure to the radio frequency emissions emitted from wireless cell phones - Essay Example It is also generally believed that children are at a greater risk of being effected from the RFR since they are in the process of growth. Research has also shown that the Radio Frequency Radiation could also be dangerous for the unborn child during pregnancy. Since mobile phones are a new technique, there is a need to study the long-term ill effects caused by the RF emitted from the mobile phones. Further study in this field is also needed to clarify certain inconclusive research. Over the past few years, there has been a rapid growth in the use of the mobile phones, wireless local area networks (WLANs) and other wireless devices all over the world. Such wireless devices emit Radio Frequency/ Electromagnetic waves that, under certain conditions, can have undesirable effects on human health. Different individuals, in particular, use cell phones in different ways. Some people use the mobile phones for an extended period of time due to which their head is exposed to radiation. However, people seem to ignore the safety measures due to the lack of awareness of the ill effects caused by exposure to such radiation. There has been no conclusive research published on the ill effects caused by exposure to Radio Frequency emitted from wireless cell phones. Still in various countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, the governments have made it necessary that the cell phones carry a health warning about their ill effects. Although no possible links have been found of the relationship between the RFR emitted from the wireless cell phones and the major ill effects. However some research carried out in this field has shown that the RFR emitted from wireless cell phones could interfere with the pacemakers, could effect the blood brain barrier, could damage the DNA which could lead to abnormal genetic changes. Research has also shown that the radio frequency could also

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Financial Management - Essay Example This paper discusses on whether the capital asset pricing model offers the right evidence on where investors can get value for their money. There are two types of risks that any investor is afraid of and should take into account when planning to capitalize in a given market. These include the systematic and unsystematic risks (Resource Center, 2013 n.p). The systematic risk is that which is related to the whole market and over which the investor has not control. This type of risk has a huge impact on the amount of returns that an investor should expect. The CAPM discloses this type of risk to the investor and makes him aware on what to expect (Resource Center, 2013 n.p). It includes the recession, the dynamic nature of interest rates and other natural phenomenon that the investor would have no control over. The unsystematic risks, on the other hand, are specific to investments and can be handled by the investor. He is aware of this kind of risk and has planned for it. According to the capital asset pricing model, beta is the measure of the risk that any stock investment is exposed to (Shapiro, 2006 p7). It shows the relationship between the market and the stock by showing how the dynamic change in the market affects the returns from the stock investment (Shapiro, 2006 p7). It is done, over a certain period of time, to determine how the up and down movement of the market affects the up and down movement of the stock prices. Therefore, beta provides the much needed answers to the risk-return relationship (Shapiro, 2006 p15). Equity is all that remains after all the expenses of an investor have been completely taken care of, and when all the expenses have been settled, and there is residual remaining of the assets (Perold, 2004 p12). The capital asset pricing model does a return-risk assessment of the financial securities of an investor and concludes that equities are the most risky assets, and their premium is very high (Perold, 2004 p13). The CAPM says

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Philosophy - Essay Example Plato’s apology presents to us a speech delivered by Socrates in his own defense at his trial. Apology here is not a statement of regret requesting pardon, but it is a formal statement of justification or defense.The charges leveled against Socrates was that â€Å"he was failing to acknowledge the city’s Gods, introducing new divinities and corrupting its youth â€Å" (Plato: The last days of Socrates. 2003. p.33). These were serious charges but Socrates did not make efforts to defend himself. It is said that he had bred insubordination and utter contempt for authority. It seemed evident that Socrates could do nothing for his own defense without compromising his principles, he is held out as a person whose â€Å" high moral principles is confronted step by step with a situation from where there is no escape† (Plato: The last days of Socrates. 2003. p.38). Socrates views on death are clear. He believed that once a person has taken a stand, based on the call of h is conscience on what he felt was best to him morally, then he is constrained to hold his post and face the situation, irrespective â€Å"of death or anything else before dishonour† (Plato: The last days of Socrates. 2003. p.54). Socrates having been condemned to death, still believes that a good man can suffer no evil. His philosophy was that no man knowingly does wrong and that men did evil only out of ignorance. But his opponents believed that men did wrong despite knowing what was morally correct, which is not very difficult to believe. Socrates has himself said that he is not a processor of knowledge that others lacked and everyone knows what is morally correct and what is not yet crimes are committed. So here it seems that Socrates is contradicting himself. Before his conviction he claimed that people should look to death with confidence. If the contrary is true, they will be considered unwise, as

Problems Faced By The Vodafone Sales Team Business Essay

Problems Faced By The Vodafone Sales Team Business Essay Through this research been carried out successfully then only I will be able to classify the core reasons for the problem. From the reasons identified I will be able to solve the problems. After solving these issues faced by Vodafone, Vodafone will be more successful in running the floor and will be able to be helping Vodafone sales team to advance their day to day operations through a given timeframe. It is also help them to implement and evaluate the solutions specified. The management concept used in order to solve the issues identified is Fayols Management theory concept: By means of this concept it has helped me to get the possible solutions for the business problems identified by the Vodafone sales team managers and also to find the reasons behind the core problems. 2.4AIMS AND PURPOSE OF STUDY AIMS To identify some general business problem that exists within the Vodafone organisation. To know the reasons behind the problems taking place. How to resolve these business problems. To discover how solving these problems would be feasible for Vodafone. To ensure that all information about Vodafone given by myself in this business proposal is fair and accurate to my best extent. The problems identified are relevant and suitable to work on duration of this course because the problem identified is ongoing in many organisations in New Zealand. The problems Im elaborating on are significantly important to be solved and thus the learning outcome will be of assistance to me when I join the workforce. PURPOSE To get more practical knowledge on how to find reasons and solutions behind problems. 3.1RESEARCH PROCESS TO GATHER PRIMARY DATA EXPLAINED AND JUSTIFIED The research procedure was carried out by a mixture of research methods (Quantitative and Qualitative). Methods outlined: Research Questionnaires Face-to-face interview Exploring attitudes and behaviour of the staffs of Vodafone In using these research methods I was going to: Find facts primary data The process also includes interviews of the staffs and managers to find out the reasons of the problems and then work out the solutions for the problems identified. A content analysis was also used to find out the facts of the analysis and get solutions. 3.2PRIMARY PROCESS/SIZE OF SAMPLE POPULATION The initiation of this project started with the formulations of ideas as to what needs to be looked into to reach the aim of this survey. Once that was done, a questionnaire was made with regards to getting a specific ins and outs of what goes on the a Vodafone contact centre and how its inefficiency can leading to failed productivity. The sample size was quite small as this related to just one area within the greater Vodafone Business. On the 10th of April about 10 staffs were given questionnaires to fill and the choice was given to them either to put their name or leave them anonymous. I also did face to face interview of the 2IC of the Sales Team. From the responses provided in the questionnaire I was able to do an analysis of the problems. 3.3STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES USED FOR THE TASK The statistical tools used in this project included the employment of Fishbone diagram Gannt chart Henri Fayol management theory. 3.4INTERVIEW CONDUCTED AFTER SURVEY (DATES AND TIMES IN APPENDIX) An interview was carried out on the 2nd of April of some of the staffs and managers of the Vodafone Sales teams at the Vodafone Sales office in Penrose, Auckland City, New Zealand. 3.5LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORY OF MANAGEMENT IN RELATION TO TOPIC I have reviewed some: Vodafone Catalogues Articles in newspapers Internet Research The research comes under the process of controlling. The managers of Vodafone necessitate using Fayols 5 functions of Management in order to get to the bottom of the issues they are facing at the moment. 3.6RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS USED The research methodology was carried out by a mixture of research methods (Quantitative and Qualitative). Face to face interview Questionnaire Interview Participant observation Fishbone diagram 3.7STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF STUDY STRENGTHS: The staffs were very helpful. They were quite open to answering the questions. LIMITATIONS: Inaccuracy of results. Sample size is not good enough as I couldnt get the responses of all people. Hard to summarize the data. 3.8MANAGEMENT THEORIES USED TO HELP EXPLAIN METHODOLOGY In order to recognize the problems and to find the reasons for the problems I have used the SWOT analysis and the â€Å"Cause Effect† Fishbone diagram. The swot analysis has helped me to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and treats of Vodafone. This method has helped me to identify the business problems, draw conclusions and to translate these solutions into a Strategic action plan. This method has also been able to provide me with assistance in consolidating the strengths, reducing the weaknesses, grab the opportunities, minimize the treats, facilitate the plan and alternative choices, help to innovate and ensure the well being and prosper ship of Vodafone in achieving the goals and missions. The fishbone diagrams has helped in to jot out the possible solutions to the problems Vodafone is facing and also the steps and resources needed to achieve these solutions. It shows the problems, the solutions and the 6 categories. Process Management Equipment People Material Technology The fishbone diagram is in the appendix as Figure 2. 4.1SUMMARY OF PRIMARY RESEARCH RESULTS After a complete search and interviews I got some invaluable information and some primary data. For Vodafone the business problems identified were under the OTHERS category. Upon identifying the problems I have also identified possible solutions to the acknowledged problems. The research results after the interview also showed: THE PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED AND THE RESONS BEHIND THEM: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES: -mind set of managers -priority given to some culture only -preference of the leader ILLEGITIMATE SICK CALLS: -strict management -Lack of Motivation AGENTS NOT SHOWING UP TO WORK WITHOUT NOTIFICATION -poor management -lack of rules in the department LACK OF MOTIVATION -from the Managers from upper level STAFFS ARE COMMITTING FRAUD. -weak management -lack of motivation -mind set of employees that they can get away with any fraud LACK OF POWER TO STAFF MEMBERS -poor management INEFFICIENT MANAGEMENT -lack of motivation 4.2ANALYSIS OF DATA WITH RESULTS OF PRIMARY RESEARCH ANALYSEDAND DISCUSSED RELATING TO AIM AND PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION I myself believe that these problems are common for gigantic companies such as Vodafone. As the researcher I have identified the business problems and the possible solutions which will also help Vodafone sales team to improve their day to day operations through a given timeframe. It is also help them to implement and evaluate the solutions specified. Its important to resolve these problems as soon as possible reason being failure to get a resolution on Vodafones part will result in inefficiency and diminished customer faith in the company. 4.3RESEACH DATA ANALYSED AND INTERPRETED Face to face interview was carried out and first hand information was obtained from personnel whose working with the organisation of study. It is not taken from any old Vodafone reports which may be outdated and obsolete because reports are done periodically and. An interview with a Vodafone employee gave me 1st hand information. 4.4LIST OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS AND CONSEQUENCES 1. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Possible solutions: Managers need to develop their leadership skills and treat everyone equally putting aside the culture difference of the staffs. They require more training. 2. ILLEGITIMATE SICK CALLS. Possible Solutions: Get rid of the free to call sick line number and get sick calls to come to managers directly. Make a requirement for the actual employee to call in rather than having their family members call on their behalf. 3. AGENTS NOT SHOWING UP TO WORK WITHOUT NOTIFICATION. The procedure in place take care of such scenarios includes the following steps: Making contact with the agent who is not showing up. Sending an email request to make contact with Vodafone. Once a month has passed, a final call is made to the person absent to make contact with the company to discuss their future with the company. If contact is made, then there are further procedures such as a probation period for the agent. If contact is not made, then the agents contract is terminated. 4. LACK OF MOTIVATION. Possible Solutions: As providing motivational promotions can be costly, during the in between time, promotions should be invented which is not too expensive but enough good enough to boost team morale. Managers should make sure theyre setting a good example of efficiency and enthusiasm. Set goals and reward the staff when the goals are achieved. The reward can be as simple as a star on the calendar and a bigger reward at the end of the month if there are enough stars for each day. 4. STAFF IS COMMITTING FRAUD. Possible Solutions: Monitor calls and see if there is a pattern of a particular number calling multiple times to identify fraud. 5. LACK OF POWER TO STAFF MEMBERS. Possible Solutions: Vodafone identified that the number of these escalations were growing exponentially so just recently a new tool called VODAFONE HERO was launched to give agents over the phone additional powers to assist customer further and increase customer faith in the business. 6. INEFFICIENT MANAGEMENT Potential solutions Ensure that reminders are saved for one on one meeting and these are scheduled in advance. Ensure that all updates are done through direct communications. 4.5MANAGEMENT THEORY USED TO EXPLAIN MEANING OF FINDINGS OF RESULTS AND RELEVANCE To discover the possible solution for the problems identified and to find out the core reasons behind these problems I have used Henri Fayols creative problem solving techniques: i.e. 1. PLANNING 2. ORGANISING 3. COMMANING 4. COORDINATING 5. CONTROLLING 4.6EVIDENCE OF ORIGINAL RESEARCH The evidence of the original research is in the appendices section including: Interview Questionnaire Fishbone diagram as problem solving tool. I have also researched: Internal- Vodafone Sales 2IC questionnaire. External-references, online assistance. 5.1STATEMENT OF CONCLUSION Upon completion of this research it has helped me in identifying the problems, the reasons behind the problem and the possible solutions to the problems. It has also provided me with the awareness of problem solving skills and if Im in the workplace I will be able to distinguish and solve problems efficiently. 5.2CONCLUSIONS MUST BE LOGICAL FROM THE RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5.3CONCLUSIONS MUST LINK BACK TO AIMS AND PURPOSES OF RESEARCH. 5.4CONCLUSIONS BASED ON EVIDENCE 5.5CONCLUSIONS PRIORITISED 5.6RATIONALE FOR FINAL RECOMMENDATION 5.7RECOMMENDATION MUST BE RELEVANT ADDRESSING PROBLEM AND ISSUES 5.8RECOMMENDATION TIMELY AND FEASIBLE 5.9RECOMMENDATION PRIORITISED 6.0MANAGEMENT THEORY USED TO EXPLAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Assimilation in the United States :: Melting Pot integration immigration

Assimilation Our country is acclaimed for its endless ability to integrate. Whether it occurred in the early 1900s when desegregation occurred in Topeka middle school, or how we have integrated every nationality to every ethnicity and have been renown as the melting pot. In every aspect of how our country has come to what we know as United States, there is a simple integration that occurred to create what we are today. Assimilation is a positive force when it is necessary, it is needed in our companies, to our marriages, and we alongside the media are the causes of these types of assimilation; Americans tendency for assimilation will remain a beneficiary factor so long as we do not loose our individuality in the process. Assimilation is a force that is unstoppable. Americans do it on a daily basis without the time to contemplate whether to assimilate or not. Assimilation also keeps our world turning; it is the basis of agreement and understanding. As we assimilate we understand that through conforming this will create a strong unit. When working with a company, conformation is needed. To move as a unit, and to be displayed as a unit is any company's desire. Why would any prestigious company want to be displayed as disorganized? Or have employees that cannot work or agree with one another? It is a characteristic that is needed in every person, the ability to work as a unit, and become a team player. Through assimilation, teamwork is established and is learned. Teamwork is the basis of any company, and through teamwork the company will thrive as one unit. Teamwork is the foundation of many different areas in our lives. Not only is it necessary in the workforce, but more than ever necessary in our marriages. Marriages should be based on assimilation through compromise and understanding. Through this compromise and understanding for one another, this leads to the peace that is needed in every household. To assimilate in marriage is to converge two different opinions and come to a midpoint agreement. This is a positive force, the force where both is letting go of their strong beliefs through their vows of love for one another, to come to the understanding that conforming as one unit will help them succeed through strenuous times. If the result of assimilation in a marriage is peace, then this is one characteristic that marriages today need more than ever.

Critically analyse and evaluate current developments Essay

In the 1980’s and 1990’s the cruise industry saw the emergence of a new market, which was younger people with considerable income but no families. The term DINKY’s was given to these couples which meant â€Å"Double Income No Kids Yet† These couples were excellent to target as they had plenty of disposable income and they do not have any children to worry about, being able to go on holiday, when they like and where they like, spending their quality time together and not having to worry about the price. In 1990’s 15% of the passengers who cruised with P&O and Princess Cruises were from the UK and researches showed that there is still an active UK market. In 1998, the UK cruise market was expanding dramatically. Companies which had operated in the traditional holiday market were adding cruising to their portfolio and greatly increased their supply of cruise holidays for the UK market. Although cruising is loved by many travellers, there is still a staggering 98% of the population who have not taken a cruise, reasons identified by Dickinson and Vladimir (1997) cited in Cartwright and Baird (1999) revealed five main reasons why people do not cruise which consist it being too expensive, the exclusivity, family commitments, claustrophobia and sea sickness. Disabled consumers The disabled consumer group have become more interested in the cruising industry, many cruise liners did not offer ships which catered to disabled people. Now with the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, where all places who offer service have to make â€Å"reasonable adjustments† the cruise liners had no choice but to build disability-friendly rooms for their travelling disabled passengers. Not saying that they did not have these rooms before, but some cruise liners did not offer this service for the disabled consumer group, and it was against the law. There should be no problems for disabled people finding a cruise liner suitable for them as all cruise liners now offer fully disabled facilities within the ships to cater to the disabled consumer group. Family Cruising In the 1990’s a major development which was companies targeting families with children was put in place, by providing facilities not only for the adults but also for the children to enjoy, now in 2005, almost every cruise line offers family cruises. If a cruise liner does not offer a family cruise they are missing out on making lots of money. Although there are still some cruises which specifically do not allow children, reason being because these cruises are for the older / retired people who do not wish for screaming, noisy, crying children and babies when they are trying to relax. Being a kid is all about having fun. Coincidentally, so is vacation. But kids and parents rarely agree on what is fun. To parents, fancy dinners, late night shows and reading by the pool are fun. Kids have more fun playing games, doing scavenger hunts, and going down waterslides. The good news is that all of these activities occur on a cruise, making a cruise the vacation of choice for today’s families. Under the supervision of the youth staff, kids can play video games, eat pizza and play in a ball pit, while parents relax and have a fabulous five course meal. It is a parent’s and kid’s dream come true! (familycruise. com [online] 2005) The quote above was taken from www. familycruise. com an internet site which specifically caters for family cruises. Helping families to plan holidays which will keep both parents and kid’s happy on their holiday. Parents love to go on cruises so they have to be able to find a ship which caters for the family, letting the children have a good time on the cruise and also for the parents to relax and not have to worry about looking after their kids and think about what they are doing and are able to do on-board. The cruise industry has continued to grow rapidly since the introduction of family cruises. This might be due to parents now being able to have their dream holiday, a cruise, and not have to worry about their children as they can go too and have fully trained sitters to look after their kids and keep them occupied all day long. Price Cheap prices are what the lower-end consumers are looking for. A good price with an average cruise holiday, they cannot expect more than that as they are not paying a high price for a luxury cruising holiday. Although the cruise industry is very expensive, there are still many consumers who like to go on cruises. This could be due to status, as only the wealthier people can afford to go on these high-class cruises. In 1999, it was possible to obtain a seven day cruise from the UK for i 399 per person, which then was cheap compared to the top end cruises which were around i 2000 per person. Now in 2005, cruises prices start from i 599+ per person. This is rather expensive as the average family spends around that price for a holiday a year, not per person. Cheaper cruising prices should be being introduced and this would be an excellent idea as many lower-end consumers want to experience a good cruise but unfortunately do not have the funds. If cruise liners offered cheaper cruises with good experiences not only the wealthy passengers can go but so can the lower-end customers. Incentives Cruises in America often have many deals which include, prices starting from $399, book before Jan and receive an extra night’s stay, children under 16 cruise for free and many more. This is a good way to make more sales and allow people to pick their company to another one. As there are many incentives available which is what the consumers are looking for as they are paying a high price for their cruising holidays. â€Å"Receive our special Early-Booking discount and free hotel stay†. (cruise. gr [online] 2005) The quote above is very popular within the cruise industry, this is the type of incentive the consumer wants to see to help motivate them to purchasing the holiday. Consumers today are very greedy and like value for money, if they are buying on the internet they will always look for sites which offer them incentives towards their holidays, or when buying in travel agent they will try to get some freebies towards their holidays.

Once were warriors Essay

Once were warriors Essay Once were warriors Essay Beth left her small town and despite the disapproval of her parents, married Jake "the Muss" Heke. After eighteen years they live in an unkempt State House and have five children. Their interpretations of life and being MÄ ori are tested. Their eldest daughter, Grace, keeps a journal in which she chronicles events as well as stories which she tells her younger siblings. Jake is fired from his job and is satisfied with the unemployment benefit, spending most days getting drunk at the local pub with his friends, singing songs and savagely beating any patron whom he considers to have stepped out of line. He often invites crowds of friends back from the bar to his home for drunken parties. His wife "gets lippy" at one of his parties and he brutally attacks her in front of their friends. Beth turns to drink when things go wrong, with angry outbursts and occasional violence on a much smaller scale. Her children fend for themselves, resignedly cleaning the blood-streaked house after her beating. Nig, the Heke’s eldest son, moves out to join a gang whose rituals include facial tattoos (in MÄ ori culture called TÄ  moko). This usually shows the heritage of the person; in Nig’s case, he shows only the heritage of his mother, with the Moko located on only one side of his face. He is subjected to an inititation beating by the gang members, but then embraced as a new brother and later sports the gang’s tattoos. Nig cares about his siblings, but despises his father. He is angered when his mother is beaten, but deals with it by walking away. The second son, Mark "Boogie" Heke has a history of minor criminal offences and is taken from his family and placed in a foster home as a ward of the state due to the situation with his parents. Despite his initial anger, Boogie finds a new niche for himself, as the foster home’s manager Mr. Bennett helps him embrace his MÄ ori heritage. Jake does not care that Boogie is taken away; he comments that it will do him some good, to toughen him up a bit. Beth is heartbroken, and scrapes money together to visit him. Jake pays for the rental car from gambling winnings, but deserts the family to go to the pub and they never make the journey. Grace, the Heke’s 13-year-old daughter, loves writing stories. Her best friend is a homeless boy named Toot who lives in a wrecked car. She despises the future she believes is inevitable and is constantly reminded of getting married and playing the role of the wife, which she believes is catering to one’s husband’s demands and taking beatings. She dreams of leaving and being independent and single. Grace is raped in her bed by her father’s friend "Uncle Bully" who tells her that it is her fault for "turning him on" by wearing her "skimpy little nighty". She becomes depressed. She tries to go to her friend Toot for support, smoking her first dope. Toot kisses her, but she reacts violently and storms out, believing him to be "just like the rest of them". After wandering through the city streets, Grace comes home to an angry Jake with his friends. Bully asks for a goodnight kiss in

Being a Project Manager essays

Being a Project Manager essays I am a software project manager at a booming Fortune 500 company having just been promoted from a position as a software engineer. I have been assigned to an on-going software development project because the previous manager left the company to take a job with one of our competitors. After meeting with my new team and reading the project documentation, I have an overall picture of the problem that my boss wants me to solve: we are four months behind schedule and our customer is furious. Our company is in danger of permanently losing this corporate customer. Many team members are already staying late and coming in on Saturdays. Stress levels are skyrocketing. The project is largely finished, but testing is taking forever. The team keeps finding more defects in the software, and when they fix the problems that they know about, they unwittingly create new problems. The software needs to be cleaned up and shipped as soon as possible. In order to expedite the conclusion of this project, I will start out by holding a meeting to plan the rest of the project by addressing the following: the morale of the engineers and relations with the customer, the testing process, and the conclusion. The first thing I will deal with is the stress among the software engineers. By creating a working atmosphere with less stress and frustration, the team members will be able to think clearer, be more motivated, and work cooperatively. I will reaffirm our vision of completing the software and the impact it will have for our customer and our company. By reminding everyone of our goal, the team will be able to maintain focus in order to finish the project smoothly and within a reasonable time frame. To further reduce the frenzy, I will not require anyone to work extra hours or come in on Saturdays; it is optional. Next in the meeting, we will review the customer request and make sure all their requirements are honored. Once we have est...

Normal Branding Theory - Promoting Brand Identity Essay

Normal Branding Theory - Promoting Brand Identity - Essay Example The behavioural mannerisms of the audiences, both primary and secondary are significant since these shape up the sale of these brands or as exclusively one can state, the marketing of the same. (Jackson, 2004) Brands have overtaken the retail units by storm. They seem to be everywhere. One brand is ‘in’ today and it might just be replaced or cannibalized by its smaller unit every other week. This means that there is a lot of diversification which is taking place and if seen from the competitive standpoint, this is something that boosts competition and gives rise to a healthy one. (Keller, 2003) But then again, there are drawbacks in such a situation. Since how many brands can remain in the awareness set of the consumer that the brand is actually hitting upon? The answer to this is not only confusing but also perplexing to state the least. (Faust, 1994) Further, Douglas (2004) has asserted the way in which brands have attained the position of icons on their own due right and place. They have outsmarted the manner in which other brands are perceived and this is a significant basis for their long-term success within the relevant markets nonetheless. The normal branding theory thus speaks of the ways through which brands are propagated across a number of different channels and whether these communicate the essence of the product in entirety or otherwise. The proliferation of brands in a tremendous amount is a tantamount to serious market activity and shuffling in of brands at a breakneck speed which is all the more pleasing for the market indicators and the business as a whole. The manner in which this proliferation has come about has brought serious and grave concerns on the minds of the people who are in charge of running the whole show but then again it is in direct proportion with the supply and demand theory which we discuss in the coming lines. (Brache, 2007) Brands offer some sort of value to a particular set of audience and it is up to the brand manager and his team that this audience is narrowed down as far as possible.  Ã‚  

Tsunami Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tsunami Disasters - Essay Example In particular, the port of Chennai on the east coast of India sustained moderate damage. The local fishing fleet was affected, with a number of boats overturned or washed ashore within the harbor. Overall economic losses from the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami disaster are estimated at$10 billion, with 75% of the loss attributed to the damage inflicted by Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India. The Southwestern costal area of the island Hokkaido was affected by the earthquake. The most affected area was in east of island Okushiri and was 100 by 125 kms. Waves soared high. They were from 5 to 12 m high and inundated the area around the island. The highest wave run-up along the southwest coast and was about 30.5 m on a limited area. Most of the deaths were on Okushiri island. The number of missing was expected to be higher because it is a tourist area. Â  540 houses were destroyed by tsunami and fire caused by earth quake, 154 houses and other properties were heavily damaged and 1,826 were slightly damaged. 31 public buildings were damaged and some were severely destroyed. Highways were destroyed in at least 365 locations and Railway lines were completely damaged at 124 locations. Port facilities and all other infrastructure in direct path of tsunami were extensively damaged, including power, water, telecommunications, transportation, and sewage. Tsunami didn’t damag e the sewage treatment plant at Apnea. Naturally high sand dunes protected it The powerful Earthquake of Hokkaido occurred in south west, the Sea of Japan. The earthquake’s epicenter was at a depth of 34 km on the Sea floor and was very close to the Okushiri Island. The island was hit by tsunami in less than 4 minutes after the earthquake and that left no time for the people of the island to evacuate. Many homes were constructed along the sea side which explained the high toll of victims. Despite only

Competitive Forces and SWOT Analysis Case Study

Competitive Forces and SWOT Analysis - Case Study Example This paper will also discuss the most significant threat to the Whole Foods market, and explain how this company can employ its opportunities and strengths to attain a sustained competitive lead in the market. In addition, this article will include a complete SWOT analysis, and also identify opportunities and threats facing the organization. Question 1: Trends in retailing of organic foods and its impact on the Whole Foods Market There is a variety of trends in the retailing of organic foods. These trends impact the Whole Foods industry and the market at large tremendously (Steve, 2002: 1). Sales of natural products across all retail and directly to consumer channels have grown to about $68 billion in the year 2008; a 10% increment over the prior year. The congress passed an act on organic foods production in 1990. USDA established standards that were official for organically grown products in the United States by regulating agencies responsible for labeling of organic products (Stev e, 2002: 3). 31% of organic food sales were sold by mainstream supermarkets, 22% through sovereign small store chains, and 24% through leading food stores. Some of the top processors of organic foods in the market are General Mills, Kraft, Heinz, Kellogg’s, Dean Foods, Campbell soup, Hunt, Tyson foods, Coca cola and Del Monte (Porter, 1980: 295). Research carried out by the USDA depicts that, in 2000, surplus organic products were sold in conservative supermarkets than in the ordinary food stores (Thompson, Strickland & Gamble, 2010: 23). Most of the common organic foods sold included wine, pasta, beef, yogurt, vinegar, canned fruits and vegetables, apples, tomatoes, cucumbers, broccoli and lettuces among others. Despite the fierce competition in the price of organic products, consumer demands still remain high. The factors that have increased demand for organic products include health consciousness, healthy eating patterns, consumer concerns, soil, and water. Question 2: Ass ess the competitive situation of the firm by applying Porter’s model and hence, analyze each aspect relative to the business Porter’s five forces analysis comprises of a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development (Porter, 1980: 215). Porter refers to these forces as the micro environment. He developed these five forces in reaction to the then-prominent SWOT analysis, which he identified as ad hoc and un-rigorous (Fine, 2009: 3). These forces have been applied in enterprises so as to stabilize them hence, making them more profitable. These forces include intensity of competitive rivalry, risk of new competition, bargaining command of customers, bargaining supremacy of suppliers, and risk from substitute services and products. Most profitable markets yield substantial returns that attract other new firms. The fresh foods market earned over $350 million in 2008. Moreover, the Whole Foods achieved sales worth $6.5 billion in the same year (Thompson, Strickland & Gamble, 2010: 14). The competitive strength and strategy of the Whole Foods Company immensely attributed to success in their sales. Over 90,000 items were sold to consumers from the Whole Foods Company which had 284 stores in that period (Thompson, Strickland & Gamble, 2010: 20). This company was facing slight competition from the Fresh Markets Company where some products were being substituted for others by the customers. The

How Play Benefits Autistic Children Essay Example for Free

How Play Benefits Autistic Children Essay Autism results in several deficiencies in children that affect their educational and social lives. Autistic children feel difficulty to interact with their peers and they even cannot play individually (Sherratt and Peter p. 34). Relevant behavioral deficiencies are also found in autistic children if they have deficiency to play either individually or in group (Wolfberg, p. 23) and they feel difficult to socialize (Williams, Reddy and Costell p. 67-77). Types of Play There are different types of play in which children are engaged such as soico-dramatic play, symbolic play and functional play. In symbolic play, children use their imaginations to use any object as any other object that is not present. The object used in this type of play does not possess the properties of the object that is imagined to be present in place of the actual object (Libby, Powell, Messer, Jordan, p. 487-497). Children use common things in their symbolic play to represent specific things such as they use sticks and imagine that they are using swords. Where as, in functional play, children do not use imaginary things, rather they use things that are really useful for their play (Libby et al. , p. 487-497). In such a play, children may cook pretend food by using toy kitchen objects such as cooking utensils that are made from plastic for playing purpose. Children play specific roles in socio-dramatic play. They use particular themes to represent specific roles. Most common socio-dramatic themes are playing school, playing hospital and playing house in which each child is given a specific role to perform. Autistic children find it hard to engage in such type of play because they do not feel comfortable in playing roles that require specific social cues, nature of pretending and language. There are different levels of playing. The child does not require any other child to play with in an isolated play. In this type of play a child plays gets involved in a particular activity and plays with an object with out the need of other children (Sherratt and Peter p. 58-74). Children involve in this type of play only when they are engaged with their favorite toy or object. Autistic children play with an object or a toy in a way that is not common to that object or toy (Wolfberg, p. 78). An autistic child with lacking playing skills does not play with a car in a way that normal children do rather that child would prefer to spin the wheels of the car and would not move the car as normal children do. There is another type of play known as common focus or dyadic play. This type of play requires a child to play with another child. This type of play cannot be played in isolation (Sherratt and Peter, p. 76-95). Usually two children get involved in this type of play. When an autistic child gets involved in this type of play, he or she is more likely to be closer to another child while play but he or she will not interact with another child. Three or more children get involved in group play (Mittledorf, Hendricks and Landreth, p. 63-86). Children involved in group playing usually play board games, non-team games that can be played in a playground. An autistic child does not get involved in this type of play as it requires social cues and peer interaction Another example of play is team play in which a common goal is set to achieved and two or more groups compete with each other to achieve their goal (Mittledorf, Hendricks and Landreth, , p. 63-86). This type of play is organized either on a playgroud or in-house such as team tag, baseball, kickball and basketball. This type of play requires social interaction, rules of play to be followed and high level of activity and thus autistic children usually find it difficult to get involved in this type of play. Some Play Strategies to Help Autistic Children Learn More Efficiently Educational decisions should be based on the individual qualities, skills and needs of every child. Autistic children should be considered in the same way. There are several factors that determine which intervention should be implemented by a teacher to teach playing skills to a child. These factors are the determination of the developmental level of the child, the language level of the child and the determination of the type of the play to be taught. Developmental Readiness It is very important to determine the developmental level of the child before considering which intervention will be implemented for the child. This type of determination is very important for the children that are passing through their early childhood phase. Lifter et al. (1993) found out that it is very important to know the developmental level of the autistic child in order to select a play to teach preschool autistic children. When children are involved in play activities that are appropriate according to their developmental level, they get involved in those activities very quickly and they do not spend much time to learn those activities. Children learn developmentally appropriate activities more quickly as compared to activities that are appropriate according to their age because at the same age, different children have different developmental levels that are necessary to know (Lifter et al. , p. 139-159). Different developmental objects are used to identify which activity is developmentally appropriate for a child to learn (e. g. , Broomfield p. 732-745). The present level of functioning of a child determines which developmentally appropriate activity should be chosen regarding of the age appropriateness because the developmental level of every child is different. Some children’s level is more advanced so the activities and skills selected for them are different from those whose developmental level is lower than their age. Same thing goes to the autistic children whose developmental levels differ from child to child. Language Development Stahmer (p. 123-141) observed the autistic children with the typical children when both types of children were involved in symbolic play. It was observed that both the groups were involved to an equal extent when their language abilities were the same. So it is advised to initially find out the language abilities and developmental level of autistic children when plan to teach play skills to such children. Mundy, Sigman, Ungerer, and Sherman (p. 349-364) found that language development is based on play skills. The language abilities of autistic children can be developed during their play with other children. The autistic children learn different aspects of language such as they learn how to take turn, their behavior is related when they request for their turn, and they are involved in joint attention and other social interactions (Baranek et al p. 20-30). Peer Involvement Peer involvement matters a lot. Typically developing children can play a great role in engaging their autistic peers in appropriate play and positive activities (Blanc, et al p. 229-245). There are different ways in which the typically developing children can be encouraged to engage their autistic peers in social activities such as programs for peer tutoring, Circle of Friends etc. Teachers can discuss with typical peers about autism through an informal method. In this method, teachers discuss with typical peers about the ways in which they should initiate their social interactions with their autistic peers and they are also taught that they should accept social initiations if made by their autistic peers. If typical peers do not encourage social interactions in a natural setting then training programs are initiated for them. It is also found that group games with same age-group play an important role in increasing positive social interactions and appropriate play (Baker et al. , p. 300-308). The researchers also pointed out that natural setting plays a great role. So, it is advised in order to get successful generalization, the setting of group games should be kept as natural as possible. There are a number of games that can be played in groups on the playground such as tag, baseball etc (Baker et al. , p. 300-308). Setting and Intervention Method Setting and intervention method are as important to consider as the type of play. Teachers should consider different types of setting when they are to select the settings to teach play skills to autistic children. There is a variety of appropriate setting for such a task including the classroom of autistic children or of typical children to give them general education, a day care setting, the home of a child, playground of the school or a local park or other areas where students can be engaged in playing. Using Peer Trainers and Peer Models Blanc et al found that children usually make other children involve with them while they are playing. Children should be encouraged to play because when they play with each other, they learn social and behavioral skills through interaction. Children who do not feel comfortable in such interactions do not go through experiences that are essential for their development. Autistic children do not prefer to play with their peers and they hesitate to socialize but they also get involved in activities when integrated settings are provided to them. This means that autistic children do not prefer non-integrated settings (Blanc, et al p. 229-245). Integrated classroom is essential when typical children are encouraged to interact with their autistic peers. Integrated classroom is useful only if an intervention is implemented, otherwise typical children would prefer to play with other typical children and they would not preferably interact with their autistic peers (Blanc et al p. 229-245). Goldstein et al. also believed that social interactions among typical and autistic peers should be increased and for that purpose they developed a number of intervention strategies that were purely peer-mediated. The main purpose of those strategies was typically to bring typical and autistic peers closer by increasing social interactions between them. In this intervention strategy, typical children were taught how to initiate social interactions with their autistic peers and how to respond when their autistic peer initiate an interaction. This intervention resulted in an improvement in the social behaviors of autistic peers. Autistic children are encouraged through this strategy to respond to any initiation made by typical peers. The social behavior of autistic children are also strengthened when they get a response from the typical peers (Goldstein et al. , p. 265-280). Group Games. The facilitation of play skills and social interactions can be increased by incorporating typical peers into games and activities with their autistic peers (Baker et al. , p. 300-308). Teachers can use the preferred topics of autistic children in which they can get involved easily to increase their social behaviors. Baker et al. (p. 300-308) suggested that group games should be developed by asking the autistic children about their favorite topics. These groups are usually very common such as tag. Children are usually inspired by movie characters so teaches should ask autistic children about their favorite movie character and they should incorporate that character into the game. In this way, autistic children are motivated and they become interested in engaging with their typical peers through social interactions. In tag game, the target autistic child and typical children are given instructions about the game and then they are encouraged to play the game. Baker et al. , found that social interactions among autistic child and typical children increase because the target autistic child is given more importance as he or she is the who has chosen the topic of the tag game, typical children become involved because they find a lot of fun in the tag game, and the target autistic child, as a result, gets motivated to increase his or her social interactions with his or her peers. Integrated Play Groups Model. Integrated play groups model can be used as another effective method to increase the play interactions among the typical and autistic children. In this type of play, the children are provided with proper guidance, support, environmental arrangements (Wolfberg, p. 52). the setting of the play area is very important to consider. Children should be engaged in activities in places where children normally play. In such a setting majority of the children should be socially competent so that they are able to integrate their autistic peer easily and comfortably. The environment of the play area should encourage play activity. The play area should be of a normal size, the materials should be arranged properly and the children should be able to access and organize the material easily (Wolfberg, p. 52). The play groups should be balanced. Wolfberg (p. 52) explained that all the members of the play groups must be familiar to each other, means that they are children who meet with each other regularly. The play groups may have children of different age groups but they should be socially competent. It is very important to determine the competencies of the target child. This element is very important to consider when developing an integrated play groups model. With the help of this feature it will be easy for the teacher to find out how much and what type of support has to be given to the target child. In order to facilitate the group play, the target child should be given the opportunity to select what type of activity he or she wants to play and this thing will help the teacher to find out the developmental level of the target child. Guided participation is also encouraged in this model. Children are guided by an adult how to involve in a play that will enhance their social behaviors. The adult should provide supportive guidance instead of directive one (Blanc et al pp. 229-245). The principle of immersion should be followed in this model, means that children should be fully immersed in the play. Through immersion, more experienced children help the less experienced children in learning their roles under the supported guidance of an adult facilitator (Blanc et al pp. 229-245). Conclusion As autistic children have to struggle for the development of play and social skills in them, the teachers should be aware of all the necessary methods that are useful to teach the autistic children the required skills. A teacher must be able to determine the developmental level, language level and peer involvement level of the target autistic child and then the teacher should design, select and implement strategies that will enhance the required skills in him or her. The learning ability of autistic children also depends on the type of play and setting in which the activity will be initiated. The researcher can conclude at this point that play is very important in childhood as children learn from each others experiences. Autistic children need to be taught how to socialize in order to make them useful citizens and for this purpose it is very important to implement strategies that are necessary to fulfill this task. Works Cited Baker, M. J. , Koegel, R. L., Koegel, L. K. Increasing the social behavior of young children with autism using their obsessive behaviors. The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 23 (1998), 300-308. Baranek, G. T. et al Object play in infants with autism: methodological issues in retrospective video analysis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 59(1) (2005), pp. 20-30. Blanc, R, et al Dysregulation of pretend play and communication development in children with autism. Autism, 9(3) (2005), pp. 229-245.