Foils for Odysseus Essay

The Odyssey is the epic that has been read time and time again, by varying ages, digging its way into our hearts, becoming an instant classic. Odysseus and the adventures of his homecoming create a much different tale than Homer’s other work, the Iliad, provided. The epic is not about bloodthirsty men trying to get their hands on kleos anymore; it is about the homecoming of a man who uses his wits, not his weapon. In the Odyssey, the characters balance – Homer provides contrasting characters to show the readers the traits that Odysseus holds and how it builds his character development and even those who are foils to him. Odysseus’ own son, Trojan War companions, and wife create the man that is called Odysseus, highlighting the various facets of his personality throughout the epic. Odysseus’ son Telemachos matured since the very first book of the Odyssey, becoming more self-confident in his capabilities, more powerful in the speeches he makes, and more impo rtantly, more determined to rule the kingdom that will one day become his. The growth that Odysseus undergoes in his travels, such as growth in intellect, maturity and strength, his son goes through as well. The emotional growth in the paralleling stories of Telemachos and Odysseus holds a key part to the storylines. When Telemachos travels to Sparta he meets Menelaus, Odysseus’ friend from the Trojan War. When Menelaus mentions Odysseus, the young Telemachos first tries to stay strong and continue to hide who he is but breaks down and cries, showing he still has a lot to learn. Odysseus is known for his tricks, especially in the Odyssey where he specializes in not being who he says he is for ninety-five percent of the epic. As Telemachos tries to accomplish being a trickster like his father he shows he has potential but it is not the right time yet to be as tricky as Odysseus is. In book 21 of the Odyssey Telemachos sets up the trial of the twelve axes perfectly for the suitors, even though he was never taught how; only Odysseus knows how to set them up so flawlessly. When it came time for Telemachos to try his hand at stringing his father’s god-like bow that only he could string, he came very close. If it were not for Odysseus’ signal the boy would have strung the bow and won. He had the potential to be just like Odysseus, stringing the bow that only Odysseus could string, proving that Telemachos has matured to the point that he could almost take his fathers place. He yields the contest to the suitors, stating: ‘Shame on me. I must be then a coward and weakling, or else I am still young, and my hands have yet no confidence to defend myself against a man who has started a quarrel. Come then, you who in your strength are greater than I am, make your attempts on the bow, and let us finish the contest’ (Book 21,131-135). As the suitors witness his failure, Telemachos starts to use and perfect the use of clever responses just like his father, making the suitors feel safer than they really are, not letting them see through his ruse. After the Trojan War ended and time for the homecoming of the soldiers came about, the men who were featured in Homer’s Iliad journeyed on their merry way, back to their homes they left behind for twenty years. Ag amemnon, Nestor and Menelaos all had different homecomings, but each of them creates a nicely knit foil for Odysseus. As Agamemnon stepped inside his own home after twenty years of being away, his wife Clytemnestra and her newfound lover Aegisthus, who was Agamemnon’s cousin, greeted him with a nice bath. Before Agamemnon arrived, Clytemnestra was plotting the death of her husband due to the sacrifice of their daughter, Iphigenia. Agamemnon was stabbed to death by the vengeful tag-team. Agamemnon’s son, Orestes, unleashed vengeance upon his mother and her lover. Agamemnon’s family is a foil for Odysseus’ family life. Odysseus’ family loves him very dearly and has done no wrong as he was away. Penelope, unlike Clytemnestra, stays loyal to Odysseus and even creates an ingenious plan to keep the suitors off her back. Telemachos on the other hand has to deal with the suitors who are trying to marry his mother and have been dishonoring his father, Odysseus, eating their fill since they sat their butts on the stools they deem as weapons. Telemachos can’t even stan d up to the suitors as Agamemnon’s son took revenge on the people who killed his father. This shows how Telemachos should be as a son and will soon be as he grows up to be more like his father. Menelaos had a long homecoming due to the gods, just as Odysseus had. Menelaos angered the Egyptian gods, due to the lack of knowledge of Egyptian customs. He was able to get home with all of his crew, unlike Odysseus, who was a lone survivor. Although Menelaos had an easier homecoming than Odysseus, he did not have a  faithful wife, just like Agamemnon. Helen was the reason for the Trojan War; for Menelaos it was not easy to forgive an unfaithful wife to that degree. He cannot rejoin the present as easily due to all that was lost in Troy, destined to be full of grief for eternity. Then there is Nestor, the man whose name means â€Å"Returner†. Nestor was the one who had the easiest and most peaceful return home. His palace was full of peace, unlike Odysseus and the other two men. As the three war heroes returned back to their homes, none of them had to disguise themselves as someone else, making it obvious who they were, which was good and bad. Odysseus had to resume pretending he was someone else, generally from Crete, until he was certain that the people who caused the most threats were out of the picture. That was a smart move on Odysseus’ part. Penelope was Odysseus’ faithful, cunning and stunningly beautiful wife. Penelope, just like Odysseus, tests people until she gets enough information to her liking. For example after Odysseus reveals himself to the household and asks for Penelope, Penelope does not believe the news so quickly. She was not so gullible as to be excited about simple information; she wanted cold hard proof. Penelope shows her cleverness when she wants to see Odysseus, telling Eurykleia: ‘Dear nurse, it would be hard for you to baffle the purposes of the everlasting gods, although you are very clever. Still, I will go to see my son, so that I can look on these men who courted me lying dead, and the man who killed them’ (Book 23, 81-84). She is not willing to let anyone know she is excited to see her husband, so she plays it off cool, saying she was just going outside in order to see her son, not even mentioning Odysseus by name. Penelope constantly reconsiders and rethinks what she should do, just like Odysseus tends to do because he never wants to be caught off guard, until Penelope, as clever as she is, starts playing the same game he does. She orders Eurykleia to ‘make up a firm bed for him outside the well-fashioned chamber: that very bed that he himself built. Put the firm bed here outside for him, and cover it over with fleeces and blankets, and with shining coverlets’ (Book 23,177-180). Knowing Odysseus would get flustered with her idea, he revealed who he was by stating that the bed could not be moved due to it being made of the olive tree trunk that the house was built on. Not one person could out wit Odysseus and yet, his own wife did so easily. Penelope was just as smart as Odysseus, making them perfect foils for one another. Odysseus was a man of wit and courage, one who was unfortunate enough to anger the gods. Even with his unlucky fate of a long homecoming, he was blessed with a loyal and loving family, a family that highlights the various facets of his personality. All of these characters molded Odysseus, just as he molded them through the events of the Odyssey. They reflect his growth as a character with their own trials and tribulations. We find the best depiction of Odysseus’ growth in comparison to other characters; his wife, his comrades, and his son all bring out different elements of his personality. Without any of them, Odysseus would not be the great character we all know and love.

Master’s Prepared Interview Essay

The Master of Science in Nursing with an emphasis in nursing education can be understood in further detail by an interview process outlining a person’s career overview, graduate educational experience and their present vocational position. The individual chosen (D.C.) is a mentor, who is handing down the baton to me, as the clinical instructor for a group of nursing students at Biola University. D.C. has numerous years experience as a bedside nurse as well as an educator. Overview of Career D.C. always knew she wanted to be a nurse and began nursing school at the young age of 17. In 1977, she received her Advanced Degree in Nursing (ADN) from Umpqua Community College in Roseburg. She went on to receive her Bachelor’s Degree in Management from Georgefox University, in Newburg, Oregon. The positions she held included: working as a bedside nurse for three years, a nurse in critical care for seven years and a supervisor/manager for 20 years. This 30-year experience took place at a community hospital called Providence Health and Services, in Oregon. Graduate Education D.C. went on to receiver her Master’s in Leadership and Nursing Education from Warner Pacific University in Portland, Oregon, from 2006-2008. While attending graduate school she continued to work at Providence Health and Services. Her current position made it necessary to go back to school because the institution was requiring all supervisors to have a Master’s degree. D.C. enjoyed her on-line educational experience from Warner Pacific. After her degree, she became the manager/director for  multi-services including: wound care, care management, social  services, medical-surgical and telemetry units. This took place over a four-year period and then D.C. became the Director of Education at Providence for an additional three years. This is where she taught for the University of Great Falls, Montana for their RN to BSN satellite program. D.C. taught live, virtual classrooms with students from many states. She retired from Providence in 2011 and moved to California with her beloved husband, who became the Dean of Rosemead, at Biola University, in La Mirada, California. Present Position Soon after her move to California, D.C. was asked by the nursing department of Biola University, if she would consider teaching for them. She said no at first but then was enticed to begin as a part time clinical instructor for the Bachelor’s in Nursing Program. She began as a community health instructor and then applied for the full-time position as an Associate Professor. She taught Management and Leadership in the fall and Nursing Community in the spring. D.C. is a Level Coordinator for all level 3 activities in the nursing department and part of the administration team as well. Competencies learned in the graduate program included team building, coaching, developing unity and administration skills. Some of her various certifications over the years include: Medical/Surgical Certified, ACLS, PALS and NRP. She also is a master trainer for crucial conversations and a senior facilitator for select interview training. While at Biola University, D.C. also took 80 hours of epidemi ology online through the Center’s for Disease Control. She is also part of the FEMA disaster response program and held an earthquake preparedness day at the university this year. Her graduate degree gave her all the necessary tools to confidently teach at a university level. Pearls of Wisdom For any student in a graduate program it is essential to have a mentor who can give you advice. Words of wisdom from D.C. included â€Å"Everything is a conversation. Even if the conversation is  painful, be open and honest.† The next golden nugget from D.C. was, â€Å"Just do what’s next and pretty soon you’re done.† This helped me to realize to take one step or one assignment at a time and not look with fear to the future. D.C learned organizational skills and was able to write specific objectives for nursing education. Her thesis was on how to be a new graduate with confidence and competence. She learned a new appreciation for people cultural diversity. One thing she learned the most about herself was that she was biased. She encouraged me to question my biases and assumptions in everything we do. These were some incredible tools I will take with me as I continue through the graduate program. Conclusion The effects of graduate education can enhance your skills, increase your knowledge, give you more awareness culturally, enable you to have better organization and make decisions, as well as become a better communicator. D.C. felt she was able to practice her new skills at the hospital she was already working for in a safe environment with people she trusted. What was affected the most in D.C.’s experience during grad school was her attitude. She gained a broader perspective and realized there was so much to gain from others. She felt her graduate degree gave her critical thinking skills that she can use forever. D.C. was an excellent example of someone who has used their graduate degree to the fullest extent as teacher, mentor, advisor and facilitator. The Master of Science in Nursing can be understood in further detail by an interview process outlining a person’s career overview, graduate experience and their present career. I have gained a clearer understanding of the benefits of a graduate degree and am excited to be on this journey with fellow nurse enthusiasts.

Marbury v. Madison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marbury v. Madison - Essay Example The President issued the slots and the senate approved them (Smith, 1996, p.524). Some appointments, however, were termed void. The legislation was later amended, and Jefferson later eliminated some commissions, including Marbury, and re-assigned some slots to the Democratic-Republican members. Marbury filed a petition in the Supreme Court for the writ of mandamus. This led to the issues as to whether Marbury had a right to the commission, whether the law awards him a remedy, whether the Supreme Court had the original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus, whether the Supreme Court had the mandate to review acts of Congress and thereby determine whether they were unconstitutional and whether the Congress could increase the Supreme Court’s mandate as provided for under Article III of the Constitution. The court held that Marbury bore a right to the commission and had a remedy. It was further provided that the Supreme Court bore the mandate to review and determine whether acts of Congress were unconstitutional, that Congress had no mandate to expand the Supreme Courts original jurisdiction beyond what is provided for under the Constitution’s Article III and that the Supreme Court lacks the original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus. This decision resulted in instituting of the model of Judicial Review, which is the judiciary’s ability to assert a law as unconstitutional. The case facilitated the principle of checks and balances within the government. It was, therefore, a win for the Democrat-Republicans as Marbury failed to attain the position of Justice of the

PACT organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PACT organization - Essay Example PACT offer services to help not only the victimizers but also victims. This we do in the most efficient way by using cost-effective resources. Other services include providing solutions for creating safer communities. PACT operates with partners in an open and collaborative manner. We encourage a come one come to all policy challenging individuals to join us. Click here to explore donor and volunteer opportunities.PACT offer services to help not only the victimizers but also victims. This we do in the most efficient way by using cost-effective resources. Other services include providing solutions for creating safer communities. PACT operates with partners in an open and collaborative manner. We encourage a come one come to all policy challenging individuals to join us. Click here to explore donor and volunteer opportunities.Our MissionOur mission is to improve the change process by challenging organizational systems and changing people’s lives.Our VisionOur vision is to strong ly advocate for changes in individual lives and organizational systems thus promoting safer communities.Our BoardOur board consists of directors who in conjunction with our executive director, is responsible for establishing strategies to better help change our communities one at a time.  Join Our mission since our inception in 1971, PACT has grown rapidly and now has several branches within the country. These include:†¢ Porter County†¢ Hoosier Hills†¢ Recovery Connection†¢ Bradley Centre(LaPorte County)

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Paper Example The frames were set in a simple indoor background which was predominantly blue. Beside the two frames arranged one on top of the other was the name of the product in a vertical box bordering the whole height of page. The top of the said box the website the customer can check for additional information, SliderStyle.com was presented (Note: Due to the fact that the ad was used on 2003, the website is no longer connected to the product). In the lower part of the box, the brand name Kyocera, the model name Slider V5, and the network provider Virgin mobile were shown. The caption â€Å"do U slide?† was the main advertising line that focused on the sliding feature of the mobile phone model (Kyocera 34). The advertisement presented key elements important in a magazine advertisement such as visually appealing, targeting a specific audience, and intellectually stimulating. Analysis of the Kyocera Advertisement The study of a magazine advertisement is important to be able to determine t he different reasons and principles related to the moves undertaken by manufacturers and service providers in relation to improve the sales of products. Advertising is an important form of marketing communication to be able to make the product known to the target market (Kitchen 12). The Kyocera advertisement met the different factors pertinent to printed advertisements. One factor in a printed advertisement is the presentation. The Kyocera ad was presented in a visually attractive manner with the different elements contributing to the total impact of the ad such as the colored presentation, the male and the female model and how they look, the images in the ad, the information about the product and the different representations used. Advertising is an integration of the different principles of visual presentation and marketing techniques, thus, the term â€Å"integrated marketing communications† can be considered related to the presentation of the ad (Grove, Carlson and Dorsc h 37). Based on the work of Kitchen (2006), advertising is a synergy of multidisciplinary tools, procedures and principles (p.12). The visual effects in the advertisement aided in the successful presentation of the main impact. Specifically, this is the changes in the height of the male model as a corresponding representation of the compact and the slide-open form of the Kyocera Slider V5 mobile phone. This factor is the main selling point of the product which is versatility. Other factors contributed in attracting audience’s interest towards the advertisement. One is the visual presentation of the two almost identical frames. The upper frame was showing the male model as a short guy, the female model being taller and the mobile phone was in the compact form. The lower frame presented the male model as being taller than the female model, while the mobile phone was in its slide-open form. The two frames visually can be considered very similar to the game â€Å"spot-the-differ ence† which creates a relaxed feeling in relation to viewing the ad. The blue background added to the effect. Even the mood elucidated by the cool and relaxed male model created an impression that the product is for the audience with the same characteristics. The simplicity and the clean finish of the other frame served as the final missing element to the whole impact of the ad. Based on the study by Vanden Bergh and James (1990), â€Å"

The Role of the Bahamas Development Bank in the Bahamian Economy Coursework

The Role of the Bahamas Development Bank in the Bahamian Economy - Coursework Example State of the Bahamian economy Before exploring the role played by the Bahamas Development Bank in the Bahamian economy, it is imperative to look at the state of the Bahamian economy: its strengths and weak points before addressing how the Bahamas Development Bank plays a role in addressing these weak points. Being among the best offshore global banking centers, Bahamas has come up with a non-simple banking structure that caters for the services of both domestic and foreign investors. Both the central bank of Bahamas and the Bahamian international banks and Trust have a complete list of about 272 financial institutions that are legally mandated to conduct business with the public (US Department of Commerce, 1992, p. 40). The states in the Caribbean went through several challenges in 2004. Examples of these include declining real sector production, a reduction in their export trade, pressure from other parties regarding the exportation of sugar and bananas, increased indebtedness and a season highly characterized by natural perils and catastrophes. Moreover, though categorized as middle – class economies, majority of these nations have a good score of their citizens who are poor. Statistics from the Caribbean Development Bank indicate that the poor form between one and twenty six percent of the population. In a bid to deal with these challenges, Bahamas has had to conserve economic stability, strengthen the tourism and fiscal financial sectors, enhance the security of citizens, and support family islands and growth of small businesses through buttressing social services and improvement of the transport sector (Commonwealth Secretariat, 2006, p. 16). The Bahamas authority plays this role through its financial institutions like the Bahamas Development Bank, among others that get their external sources of finance from other lending agencies such as the Caribbean Development Bank. In the recent years, there has been a reported rapid growth in both the financia l, Nassau and tourism sectors. In the recent years, Bahamas has become popularly known as a center for offshore banks and trusts apart from being a strategic location for carrying out international currency business (Khambata, 1996, p. 95; Bernardi, 2008, p. 107). This has been facilitated by the overall openness of the economy, proximity to the United States and The Bahamas’ tax haven state. Apart from generating income and employment for the country, financial services enhance the nation’s tax haven image. The attainment of the nation’s high-level per capita income can be attributed to the growth in the service sector that has really increased the national income of Bahamas (Karagiannis and Witter, 2004, p. 150). The major cause of the post war growth in the Bahamian economy can be attributed neither to structural reforms neither in the country’s production base nor to any changes in the functioning of its economy. The change can rather be attributed to the enlargement of the tourism and financial sectors. In fact, the pattern

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy Research Proposal

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy - Research Proposal Example Post Graduate Degree Holder Direction: Please encircle any of the number provided for at the right-end of each item/statement to best express your honest judgment by using the following code. Category Weight Always 5 Often 4 Sometimes 3 Rarely 2 Never 1 I. Buddhism's Middle Way 5 4 3 2 1 1. Does your company exhibit the happiness, wisdom, peace, and nirvana 5 4 3 2 1 2. Is your company manager bossy 5 4 3 2 1 3. Have you felt satisfaction in your company 5 4 3 2 1 4. Is there a prayer time for every employee 5 4 3 2 1 5. Are you competitive with other companies in terms of output, input, price, and profit 5 4 3 2 1 6. Do your company sponsors sport activities for your employees 5 4 3 2 1 7. Does your company project harmonious relationship with other companies 5 4 3 2 1 8. Does your company do charity work 5 4 3 2 1 9. Do you promote environmental awareness 5 4 3 2 1 10. Do you do regular promotion on environmental concern 5 4 3 2 1 II. Moderate spending 5 4 3 2 1 1. Does your company offer board and lodging 5 4 3 2 1 2. Is there brand new company car 5 4 3 2 1 3. Do you often attend socializations/party 5 4 3 2 1 4. Does your company possess high tech machineries 5 4 3 2 1 5. Does your company spend moderately 5 4 3 2 1 III. Reasonable life conduct 5 4 3 2 1 1. Does your company give insurance or retirement benefit 5 4 3 2 1 2. Do you have vacation leave with pay 5 4 3 2 1 3. Have you received regular incentives 5 4 3 2 1 4. Does your company offer commensurate salaries 5 4 3 2 1 5. Does your company offer health benefits 5 4 3 2 1 IV. Self-protection 5 4 3 2 1 1. Do you...A convenient sampling method will also be used in this study. The research will be conducted for (12) months considering the number of days for the preparation of the survey questions, fielding and retrieval of survey questions, plus the tabulation, statistical treatment and analysis. The study will be delimited to the Thailand respondents who are Thailand citizens. The name of the respondents will not be presented on this study to protect the respondents' privacy for confidentiality reasons. However, their data will be presented to reveal the level of understanding among different organizations in Thailand as to the sufficiency economy philosophy. Average Mean. This is used to determine the respondents' level of understanding. This was computed by adding the sum of value of responses of respondents (range 1 to 5), divided by the total number of respondents.

Should a College Education be Primarily Technical or Liberal Arts Essay

Should a College Education be Primarily Technical or Liberal Arts - Essay Example As an employer, delivering goods and services is dependent on revenue, not theoretical thinking. Yes, to a certain extent- understanding theories is quite pivotal, but it does not translate to direct revenue when no product of tangible goods is conducted. This type of mentality has hurt many students because they have failed to acquire necessary skills to be entered in the workforce. As a matter of fact, many high-end universities put students in debt but fail to teach them basic skills such as Microsoft Office. Based on a survey of several hundred employers, the report concluded that â€Å"Far too many young people are inadequately prepared to be successful.† This is even more critical regarding high school graduates who were deficient in such skills as oral and written communication, critical thinking and professionalism. As a technical student, I can attest to this because I feel that technical colleges provide double benefits as they teach these soft skills as well. When I visited a traditional four-year university in midst of making my decision, I was shocked to see that most students did not know how to utilize simple software for a criminal justice presentation. This changed my perception on how I approached education because I became more of an applicable thinking. To study for my tests, I actually began to watch videos in court room and read about popular issues trending in law forensics. My drastic approach truly was a true experience because I began to see the â€Å"overall picture† in confusing concepts. This similar perception is discussed in Pathways Ahead: Reform and Rigor and The Road to Pathways. This piece of literature is a great testament towards understanding the common issue that young... This essay declares that learning and memorizing knowledge is a fairly non-trivial challenge for the average American as it entails countless hours of drilling useless facts into one’s cognitive thinking. However, applying those concepts require specialized education and knowledge that must be harnessed. It is clear that business leaders are foreshadowing that specialized trade skill workers will be in shortage. This paper stresses that many high-end universities put students in debt but fail to teach them basic skills such as Microsoft Office. Based on a survey of several hundred employers, the report concluded that â€Å"Far too many young people are inadequately prepared to be successful.† This is even more critical regarding high school graduates who were deficient in such skills as oral and written communication, critical thinking and professionalism. many students lack the skills in a very competitive labor force,. In fact, the â€Å"forgotten half† challenge has deepened with the growing importance of post-secondary education to success in the labor market. The trend that has been emerging the modern years was the fact that more than half of the employment required an undergraduate degree. For instance, the average earning of workers with bachelor’s degrees were 65 percent higher than those of high school graduates. Technical students rectify this issue by allowin g students to have a more â€Å"hands-on† approach. These are skills that transferrable in any work environment.

Commentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Commentary - Essay Example He has argued that the modern day media has been inspired from radio serials of the past, which were under influence of sixteenth century play serials whose authors faced great criticism regarding the morality of their products. This way, media is continuing to affect the moral standards of its viewers. Professionals today must study history, and historians must understand the importance of modern day studies regarding media and communication. Dumas has concentrated upon the technicalities of how content is generated over the internet and is received by the access points. His net neutrality debate lucidly clarifies how net neutrality has become a public debate over the years. He has numbered a myriad of net neutrality drawbacks of modern times, which gives the reader an insight of how the whole process has prospered over the years. Both the texts are lucid in their own style, giving the readers an insight into how technology progresses over time and what are the pros and cons of mani fold technological and media

Reasearch Methods r Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reasearch Methods r - Essay Example For questionnaires to result in the collection of accurate, large volumes of data, planning and developing an effective questionnaire is very essential. The survey carried out for the research project in hand may turn out to be useless if sufficient time and thought are not spent in questionnaire construction. Mistakes such as irrelevant questions, wrong wording of questions, bad format, biased questions etc. can destroy the purpose to be accomplished. Therefore, whenever we are using questionnaires as a method to collect data for our research projects, we must ensure that we have developed an effective questionnaire that meets all the needs of our project and would ultimately result in the gathering of all intended information we seek to obtain. Only then can we proceed ahead with the distribution of the questionnaires and finally the tabulation and reporting of results. Developing a good questionnaire is not an easy task and requires significant skills. A specific procedure is to be followed when developing one. Before you start with anything, you first need to determine exactly what problem or need you are trying to address through this research project and how it will be done using the information obtained from the questionnaires This will help you develop relevant questions that in turn help you to obtain accurate information. Then you need to determine your audience, i.e., from whom you need to obtain the required data and also How If your audience is very large, it is better to first give out the questionnaires to a smaller randomly selected group to ensure that the questionnaire is achieving the purpose for which it is developed. Next, you need to decide on the format of your questionnaire. Would you use a free format or a fixed format questionnaire These types are discussed in the later section. Usually, a combination of these two is used. H aving decided upon the format, the next task is to write the questions. As you write them, check them for any construction errors. Also ensure that they are properly worded and do not result in any misinterpretations on the respondents part. The questions should also be free of any personal bias. It is also important to identify yourself at the beginning. Moreover, questions framed should arouse the respondents' interest. Care should also be taken to ensure that you slowly move from general to more specific questions. Specific questions should not be asked directly. If any mistakes are found, edit the questions. Types of Questionnaires: Questionnaires can broadly be classified into fixed format and free format questionnaires. A fixed format questionnaire is one that contains questions that require the respondent to only select from the choices already provided. In other words, it provides little freedom to the respondent and uses closed ended questions. In contrast, a free format questionnaire provides a lot of latitude to the respondent by allowing the respondent to write the answer in his own words rather than merely selecting it. It makes use of open ended questions. Types of Questions: As mentioned above, there are two main types of questions: closed ended or open ended.2 Closed ended questions are those that restrict the user by providing him with options to choose from. Example: Do you smoke Yes No In contrast, open ended questi

Hitchcock began his career in filming Essay Example for Free

Hitchcock began his career in filming Essay Hitchcock began his career in filming in the 1920s. Later on he became a director, this involved changing the script or book into a film. Hitchcock used his own method of preparing the order of shots before filming, as he preconceived each shot in Psycho, ensuring that the tension was built up in a dramatic manner with a purpose, which made him very successful and led to a huge success. Hitchcock found ways to overcome censorship laws against nudity, sex and violence. He shot the film in black and white to conceal flesh/blood. Music was created to build up an atmosphere of contempt to kill, also to make the audience feel relaxed to increase the shock of certain events. The shower scene was shot in 76 cuts! So that the protagonists arms and other objects would cover up her breasts. Hitchcocks, most impressive technique was to suggest violence instead of showing it, which made it much more dramatic. Hitchcock used techniques, which later became known as Hitchcockean techniques. He tries to emphasise a characters view by only having one person in a shot or relating the charter to the audience. Placing objects around the room to show characters characteristics and builds up certain ideas. Hitchcock used an ongoing theme of death through out the film, using stairs to represent life at the bottom and death at the top, which instantly creates tension as soon as a shot with stair is shown. The plot begins with Marion having an affair with Sam. She is sick of sneaking around with him and is sick of her job. So one day when her boss gives her money to deposit in the bank, which she keeps for herself and decides to run away to her boyfriend, the audience have related to Marion and because of this do not think that she has done anything wrong. When se is on the road she is followed by a police officer so part-exchanges her car for a new one, the audience starts to think that she will get caught and start to hope that she doesnt. She then continues on her journey, but gets lost in the rain. She arrives at the Bates Motel and decides to stay there the night. She meets the owner, Norman Bates who seems a nice man, although a little nervous (to scared to say bathroom. ). He offers her tea, but his mother objects so they secretly eat in the back room. The audience have related with Marion and because of this are also unsure this helps to build up the suspense at a key point in the films. Marion then goes to have a shower, but unknowingly is watched through a peephole. She is then killed by a mystery figure, the audience then feel shocked that the main character has died. Norman finds the body and forgets about it. However Marions sister and Sam want to find out where she has gone so hire a private detective, who leads them to the bates motel. Psycho begins with the normal (a big city. ) and draws slowly into the abnormal (Norman and his disturbed mother. )

Concept of freedom Essay Example for Free

Concept of freedom Essay 1. Is it possible to measure if anyone is free to any degree? Can freedom be proven? Freedom can hardly be measure as freedom is a controversial abstract concept which people have different interpretations over it. We do not have an absolute definition over the term freedom and thereby there is no absolute operationalization used to measure freedom up to these days. Still, it is commonly agreed by the sociologists that freedom is bounded by many social forces including culture, social institutions, social positions and the like; and under all these social forces, the control over choices and directions that one can enjoy is freedom. By this commonly agreed definition, it is obviously that there is no absolute freedom because of the social constraints; whats more, the definition of freedom is always changing according to the unceasing change of social forces. Therefore, we can never measure the extremity of freedom. Be that as it may, freedom can still be proved and measured in relative terms by comparing the indicators of political rights, economic rights, and civil liberties of different societies as they shows the controls over choices and directions that one can have under social constraints. The more control one has, the more freedom one gets in general. Lets take China and Hong Kong as example. China has a relatively stricter norm in terms of freedom of speech when comparing to Hong Kong, hence we can say that people in China have less freedom of expression compared to those in Hong Kong. By comparison using different indicators, we may measure the relative freedom of different societies. 2. Do you agree that free thought is necessary for free action? I absolutely agree with such saying. Our actions are bounded by social positions and social institutions that have long been constructed no matter whether such practices are genuine or not. These social forces have been parts of the social construction of reality which shape our thinking from the day we are born and control the way we act and live. However, such socially constructed reality is not always legitimate as it seems and in occasions it limits the actions that we may enjoy. Free thoughts in such sense allow critical evaluation over the existing socially constructed reality and may bring changes to the social institutions, structures or positions to allow freer action that people previously cannot enjoy. However, we should also noted that sometimes though social forces have already been mended because of new ideas generated through free thoughts of some people, actions are still being limited because of the deeply rooted old belief in society as a whole and it is always hard for people to have free thoughts. For instance, though the caste system has been legally abolished since 1950, the lower class especially the Dalit people are still seriously discriminated against by the other classes of the society and their actions, such as receiving education and having political rights, are greatly constrained because the thoughts of people in general are still controlled by old social position system that Dalit are outcasts and thus fail to think freely. 3. How would you define freedom? Is it different from this chapters definition? I totally agree with the definition of this chapter that freedom, which refers to the ability to control oneself, ones thinking and ones actions, are restrained by external factors mainly the society and different social forces. Rather than being imprisoned by the existing social constructed reality, free thoughts and free actions are what we should practice. Thinking out of the box and acting according to ones own thought is the only way to truly take control of our lives. 4. Based on the piece by Weber, come up and illustrate with your own examples instances of traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal authority that your are familiar with. Explain why you classify these instances the way you do. Traditional authority: In some indigenous communities which still have a extended family structure such as the communities in walled villages of Hong Kong, the first born male child enjoy the privilege of inheritance. He is also the authority figure of the community. It is legitimated by the sanctity of tradition handed down from the past and is through heredity under patriarchy system. Charismatic authority: Mother Teresa, a very well-respected Catholic religious figure who is regarded as one of the real servants of God because of her morality and contribution to charity in the third world countries. Her exemplary character, faith and spirit inspire Catholics around the world to live truly as a Catholic following Gods will. Her heroism of ministering the poor and needies of the third world countries impresses Catholics and greatly influence their attitudes. Rational-legal authority: Any bureaucratic officials or political leaders. Their authorities are empowered by legal rationality, legal legitimacy and bureaucracy. They implement policies without any interference of people but based on law with legitimacy to govern people.

Determinants for the Exchange Rates in Long Run

Determinants for the Exchange Rates in Long Run Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. Determinants can affect the foreign exchange value of a currency in a long term 2.1. Purchasing power parity (PPP) and inflation rates 2.2. Growth rate of the economy 2.3. Interest rates 2.4. Commodity prices 2.5. Foreign direct investment and international speculation 2.6. Exchange rate expectations 2.7. Intervention into the foreign exchange market from authorities 3. Conclusion Reference list Introduction The foreign exchange market is primarily a wholesale market, where transactions are of the order of hundreds of thousands of dollars or even greater. The marketplace can consists of a telecommunication network and a range of information technology system, which help provide a mechanism for the exchange of currency around the world. The retail market where small volumes can be handled is often at a shop front location, such as an exchange bureau, a bank. In fact, the currency exchange rate is not only impacted by the law of demand and supply but also other determinants. The paper identifies and evaluates many determinants for the exchange rates in long run. These determinants are (1) purchasing power parity and inflation rates, (2) growth rates of the economy, (3) interest rates, (4) commodity prices, (5) foreign direct investment and international speculation, (6) exchange rates expectations, and (7) intervention into the foreign exchange market from authorities. The relative impact of structural shocks on the movement of exchange rates after the Bretton Woods period has examined multivariate processes. Determinants can affect the foreign exchange value of a currency in a long term 2.1. Purchasing power parity (PPP) and inflation rates If a domestic economy has higher inflation than the rest of the world, a decrease in demand for exports will result in the local currency exchange rates, which become less competitive in world market. Accordingly, there will be less demand for the local currency. On the other hand, when an increase in demand for imports as overseas goods become cheaper, compared to the domestic market, there will be an increase in supply of the local currency exchange rate. The PPP theory is based on traded goods and services. The determination of the exchange rates has sustained the maintenance of purchasing power parity between currencies. ‘PPP is indeed an important determinant of nominal currency valuation. ‘The law of one price’ asserts that, absent impediments to free trade, goods and services should have the same relative price regardless of the country in which they are sold.’[1] Which goods and services are cheaper in one country than another will be brought where they are cheap, and then to be sold where they are more expensive. From the viewpoint of exchange rate determination, PPP is useful as a reminder that the monetary policy has no long-run influence on the exchange rate. ‘When PPP diverges more than 15-20 per cent from its historical mean, that has proven to be among the most accurate indicators of a pending change in currency trends,’ [2] observed Mr. Eric Lonergan, global strategist for Cazenove in London. Nevertheless, the exchange rate can stray away from its PPP. In fact, PPP exchange rates are determined by comparing the national prices for a large volume of goods and services. A weaker PPP has contented in inflation rate, rather than actual prices of goods. The fall in the value of domestic currency results in reducing local currency rate, compared to the rest of the world. This phenomenon can offset the pricing impact of inflation. As a result, nations with different inflation rates can expect their exchange rate to adjust to offset these differentials in long run. ‘Real exchange rate movements do not completely coincide with perceived changes in competitiveness, reflecting a basic flaw in the PPP approach. Instead, the likely effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance are often difficult to predict without further information regarding the source of the shock.’[3] The theory seems to equalize interdependence between the exchange rate and inflation rates. It seems impossible to have inflation, if the domestic market value of the currency exchange is increasing. On the other hand, it is also impossible to avoid inflation if the market value of the currency is decreasing. 2.2. Growth rate of the economy If a nation experiences higher economic growth rate than its major trading partners, the income and demand for import-export goods and services will grow at a faster rate. As a result, paying for the growth of imports will consequently result in an increase in the supply of the local currency in the foreign exchange world. ‘Productivity differences were found to have a negative and statistically significant effect both in the short-run and the long-run. This suggests that if the US becomes more productive relative to its major trading partners, incomes and imports rise, causing depreciation of the US dollar.’[4] ‘In particular, structural components in both the current and capital accounts underlying each countrys net trade and net foreign asset positions are shown to influence the path of the long-run real exchange rate for each country.’[5] The supply impact is to reduce the price of the local currency exchange while the demand impact is to increase the price of local currency. The net impact will depend on the strength of each separate cause. 2.3. Interest rates Fiscal considerations become fundamental determinants of the decision of different foreign exchange regime. ‘In the long run, in contrast, exchange rate movements are driven by the fundamental, leading to a relationship between interest rates and exchange rates that are more consistent with UIP [Uncovered interest parity]’[6]. What has happened in foreign exchange market might not accord with what happens a country where experiences higher interst rate and a fall in the value of its currency. If interset rates are constant, a country which has higher interest rate will result in higher inflation. Higher inflation will cause a depreciating currency. The relationship between the impact of distinguishing interest rate movements on exchange rates can provide different impacts in terms of local currency exchange rate experiencing higher interst rates than the rest of the world. In fact, higher interest rates will encourage capital inflow to the domestic economy and discourage capital outflow. This phenonmenon will result from oversea investers who have tried to place funds in dosmetic market in order to take advantage of higher returns. As a result, a domestic buyer can invest in a greater proportion of funds in domestic financial markets. 2.4. Commodity prices If export from a nation becomes more expensive due to inflations, oversea importers will turn to other nations. As a result, the value of the exporting nation will fall, together demand for and the value of the domestic currency. On the other hand, if particular goods and services in a nation become more expensive because of the growth in commodity prices, the importers cannot choose other suppliers since commodity prices are a worldwide incident. As a result, the importers will continue to import commodities from that nation. The total value of the exports will go together with the demand for the domestic currency. The value of domestic currency will increase. The relationship between the trade balance and the exchange rate might not reveal the whole picture of the impacts of real depreciation on the trade balance and import-export flows. ‘There exists a significant long-run relationship between the-dependent variables and their determinants in most cases. A real depreciation of US dollar will decrease US imports and increase US trade balance overall in the long run.’[7] The import-export trading functions have shown that currency depreciation has different impacts on imported-exported goods; the authority should take into consideration in a nation’s trade policy. 2.5. Foreign direct investment and international speculation Foreign direct investment and international speculation can drive the domestic economy changes. Capital inflows to strong economies and outflows from weaker economies depend on how foreign investors speculate the perspectives of a domestic economy. Likewise, a recent decline in domestic currency as its economy becomes less attractive for investment compared to that of world’s largest strong economy. ‘Determinants of the equilibrium real exchange rate also include factors that affect the net trading position of the home country in world markets, as well as the underlying propensity of the home country to be a net lender or borrower of capital. In other words, the interaction between the permanent structural components in both the current and capital account jointly determine the sustainable real exchange rate.’ [8] Globalization has increased the differential between growth of world trade volumes and growth of world GDP as well; thereby enhance import-export activities of a nation. ‘The Brazilian real displays useful information about the long-run path of other currencies in the region. In terms of volatility dynamics, while most currencies display evidence of time-varying variance, the volatility movements in the foreign exchange market seems to be mainly country specific.’ [9] Evidence of common elements in the foreign exchange markets becomes substantial applications. From a macroeconomic standpoint, the movements have been towards financial integration; from the investors’ standpoints, the implications have in term of the assessment of risk and hedging strategy development. 2.6. Exchange rate expectations One of primary impacts on exchange rate movement is the exchange rate expectations. Speculators have formed expectations about the future exchange rate movements and then will take action to fulfil the impact. If participants in foreign exchange market have expected the future value of domestic currency to reduce, they will sell domestic currency. This phenomenon will increase its supply in the foreign market which then causes a fall in its value. On the other hand, if participants speculate the value of domestic currency to increase, they will buy domestic currency, increasing demand for that currency and bring about an appreciation. ‘The exchange rate expectations are incorporated into a switching cost model via the method of exchange rate pass-through on product-specific and country-specific approach.’[10] Foreign exchange traders shift the demand for a currency in expectation of making profits. These traders’ expectations might be wrong sometimes, and thus they might disturb the foreign exchange market ‘unnecessary’. However, they have to speculate correctly on average; otherwise they would lose their money and close their business. 2.7. Intervention into the foreign exchange market from authorities Government or central bank can intervene into foreign exchange markets. They can exert a significant impact on the value of that country’s currency. Official intervention can happen through the activities of central bank, or directly regulate the foreign exchange market by rules, regulations or laws. For instance, the authority can choose a number non-bank authorized foreign exchange dealers. ‘A disequilibrium in the money market significantly affects the level of the reserves in each country. The impact differs in magnitude from country to country depending on the degree of sterilization and the exchange rate regime.’[11] The central bank can intervene by establish to ‘buy time’ for the participants in the currency market. ‘If inflation is 10 per cent higher in Mexico than in the US, the peso would be expected to depreciate against the dollar by 10 per cent to maintain PPP. However, the success of central bankers in controlling price inflation over the past decade has drastically cut inflation differentials between countries to the extent that PPP has only a minimal impact now on nominal exchange rates.’[12] A government has been challenged by a time consistency phenomenon and commitment in technology that results from uncertainty and fixed cost. It will have to look for its choices to optimize the exchange rate arrangements by depending on past currency movement history for a given set of fiscal conditions. That is why with the same basis, some nations sometimes experience fixed or low inflation and other time confront the floating or high inflation in exchange rates. 3. Conclusion Many determinants have impacts on the currency exchange in the long run. Sometimes, these determinants have mutually influenced on the currency exchange system. These determinants among the markets are pronounced in the long-term, where the short-term movements are usually in line with the long-term adjustments. The effects of these mentioned determinants are not uniform among nations. In fact underlying the movements in price, money and currency exchange rates are mutual and complex. Reference list Al-Salem, H., Ph.D. 2005, ‘The demand for international foreign reserves of energy-exporting countries’, Clark University, 222 pages; AAT 3163350 Chinn, DM Meredith, G 2004, ‘Monetary Policy and Long-Horizon Uncovered Interest Parity’, IMF Staff Papers, Washington, vol.51,no.3, p.409,viewed 12 May 2007 http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/sfb-373-papers/2000-44/PDF/44.pdf> Faruqee, H 1995, ‘Long-run determinants of the real exchange rate: A stock-flow perspective’, International Monetary Fund Washington, vol.42,no.1, March, p.80, viewed 12 May 2007 http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9370615_ITM> Huang, JC Brahmasrene, T 2003, ‘The effect of exchange rate expectations on market share’, Managerial Finance, Patrington, vol.29,no.1, p.55, viewed 12 May 2007 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/009/2003/00000029/00000001/art00003> Ruiz, I. Ph.D. 2006, ‘Essays on the Latin American foreign exchange market’, Western Michigan University, 145 pages; AAT 3243164 Trygubenko, VO 2006, ‘Effect of oil prices and other determinants on the United States dollar effective exchange rate’, Southern Methodist University, 81 pages; AAT 1430298 Uhlfelder, E 2005, ‘Riding the dollar roller coaster For eurozone investors, the weak US currency could provide an opportunity to profit from individual securities,’ Financial Times,London (UK), 4 April, p. 5. Wang, Yongqing, Ph.D. 2005, ‘United States-China commodity trade and the Yuan/dollar real exchange rate’, The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 111 pages; AAT 3185620 Woolfolk, M. 2005, ‘Why Dollars’s trend has been downward’, Financial Times. London (UK), 10 January p.12, viewed 12 May 2007 http://search.ft.com/search/article.html?id=050111001040> Page 1 [1] Woolfolk, M 2005, ‘Why Dollars’s trend has been downward’, Financial Times.London (UK) 10 January, p.12 viewed 12 May 2007 http://search.ft.com/search/article.html?id=050111001040> [2] Uhlfelder, E 2005, ‘Riding the dollar roller coaster For eurozone investors, the weak US currency could provide an opportunity to profit from individual securities,’ Financial Times,London (UK), 4 April, p. 5. [3] Faruqee, H 1995,’Long-run determinants of the real exchange rate: A stock-flow perspective’, International Monetary Fund. Washington, vol.42,no.1. March, p.80, viewed 12 May 2007 http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9370615_ITM> [4] Trygubenko, VO 2006, ‘Effect of oil prices and other determinants on the United States dollar effective exchange rate’, Southern Methodist University, 81 pages; AAT 1430298 [5] Faruqee 1995, p.80 [6] Chinn, DM Meredith, G 2004, ‘Monetary Policy and Long-Horizon Uncovered Interest Parity’, IMF Staff Papers, Washington, vol.51,no.3, p.409,viewed 12 May 2007 http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/sfb-373-papers/2000-44/PDF/44.pdf> [7] Wang, Yongqing, Ph.D. 2005, ‘United States-China commodity trade and the Yuan/dollar real exchange rate’, The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 111 pages; AAT 3185620 [8] Faruqee 1995, p.80 [9] Ruiz, I. Ph.D. 2006, ‘Essays on the Latin American foreign exchange market’, Western Michigan University, 145 pages; AAT 3243164 [10] Huang, JC Brahmasrene, T 2003, ‘The effect of exchange rate expectations on market share’, Managerial Finance, Patrington, vol.29,no.1, p.55, viewed 12 May 2007 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/009/2003/00000029/00000001/art00003> [11] Al-Salem, H., Ph.D. 2005, ‘The demand for international foreign reserves of energy-exporting countries’, Clark University, 222 pages; AAT 3163350 [12] Woolfolk, 2005

Lesbianism in Buffy the Vampire Slayer :: TV Television Show Essays

Given that lesbian desire has often been associated with the monstrous in horror and vampire genres, and that Buffy the Vampire Slayer is seen as having reworked the conventions of these genres, it is worth considering how the narrative of lesbianism is dealt with in this series to contemplate if and how this desire has been resignified. This paper is concerned with critically analysing the overt representations of lesbian desire and identity as they are manifested through the Willow (played by Alyson Hannigan) and Tara (Amber Benson) characters in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and the coming out narratives as they unfold in Season Four. It attempts to address several questions: How has Buffy the Vampire Slayer reworked the representation of lesbians in the vampire genre? How are the themes of lesbian desire and coming out as lesbian dealt with in the series? Finally, has the show challenged stereotypical representations of lesbianism, or merely perpetuated them? I start this paper with a sense of ambivalence about how the lesbian characters and lesbian desire are constructed in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, because on the one hand I gain pleasure from watching these representations, but on the other hand I suspect that the series perpetuates some homophobic concepts about lesbianism. I am mindful that representations in horror and fantasy television programs and films are creative images and manifestations of ideas, mythologies and narratives. They are not perfect reflections of society, although the writers may attempt to deal with some social issues and identity politics within generic frameworks. However, fictional representations are still important sites where viewers negotiate personal and cultural concepts of sexuality and subjectivity. This queer reading of Buffy the Vampire Slayer investigates the disguised homo-erotic tensions between the out lesbian characters in the series. It avoids an elaborate search for homoerotic and non-normative sexual couplings between other characters in the series. If I were to do such a queer reading, I would probably concentrate on the Willow and Buffy (Sarah Michelle Gellar), or Faith (Eliza Dushku) and Buffy relationships as Farah Medlesohn has done in her essay, "Surpassing the Love of Vampires"(2002: 45-60). Alternatively, I might focus on the sadomasochistic relationship between Spike (James Marsters) and Buffy, or the bizarre love triangle between Andrew, Warren and Jonathan in Season Six. Instead, this paper is more concerned with analysing the blatant representations of lesbian desire and sexuality as they are constructed through characterisation, metaphors, narrative and stylistic devices in particular episodes of Buffy the Vampire Slayer to consider how these themes have b een integrated into a youth-orientated, television program.

Oppression in Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Essay -- Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers A

Oppression in Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Composed in three carefully rhymed stanzas, the poem can firstly seem an homage to the speaker’s skills in stitching a panel with tigers. However, a detailed reading reveals images and symbols that suggest a relation of oppression concerning Aunt Jennifer and her husband. The tigers of Aunt Jennifer’s stitchings are representative of her free spirit, how she pines for freedom from her burdensome husband. The â€Å"bright topaz denizens of green† evokes the mental image of majestic tigers not bound by the whims of another being. They do not â€Å"fear the men below the tree,† something that Aunt Jennifer cannot do in her miserable reality because of her oppressor’s looming presence. She produces her tigers under his control, represented by "The massive weight of Uncle's wedding band [that] / Sits heavily upon [her] hand." Physically a wedding ring is light, but this one has a "massive weight" heavily sitting on her hand. These images construct an opposition between the couple: as a woman she has a creative force, but her husband, represen...

Analysis of Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man

Ralph Ellison wrote the book Invisible Man in the summer of 1945, while on sick leave from the Merchant Marines. Invisible Man is narrated in the first person by an unnamed African American who sees himself as invisible to society. This character is perceived and may be inspired by Ellison himself. Ellison manages to develop a strong philosophy through this character and portrays his struggle to search for his identity. He uses metaphors throughout the book of his invisibility and the blindness of others in which is a part of the examination of the effects of racism. The development of this unnamed â€Å"Afro-American† character helps set the foundation on the philosophy of understanding who he is. The narrator undergoes experiences such as the battle royal, the Tuskegee Institute, the Trueblood visit, and the blueprint seller in which is full of corruption and deceit. In the prologue, the narrator introduces himself as an â€Å"Invisible Man†. He lives in a basement of an apartment building that only allows white tenants. He describes how he steals electricity from the Monopolated Light a...

Literary Essay Essay

Nothing says adventure like running away from villains and getting shot at to start a career as a spy. Though many townspeople of Cumberland in Geoffrey Treases Cue for Treason think Peter Brownrigg is the best of the best, it is clear that not many people inherit the qualities to become a good spy. Katherine Russel is an exception. Kit is courageous and secretive, and therefor is the best spy in Cumberland. To begin, courage is one Kits most striking characteristics. Although it is shown throughout the book on many occasions, by a couple characters, it tells us that she is a brave person. One example of this was when the miners tried to block the road so they could rob the two, but they failed. This happened because kit was able to be courageous affectively, at the right time. â€Å"So she rode back. Heroine or idiot? I didn’t know. I’m flattered to know that, for the moment, she was thinking more of my fate† (Trease 253) said Peter Brownrigg after Kit turned to save him. Katherine was able to get away on her horse when peter was unable to. Katherine was being very courageous risking her own life for that of her friends when faced with a dangerous situation. When Mr. Desmond fell into a river with his horse Katherine was one of the first people to jump in and save him. As peter said himself â€Å"She swam like an otter, and I saw at once that I needn’t fear for her anymore, than myself† (90). Jumping into a river to save someone who is injured must be the biggest act of courage and bravery. Again she risks her life for that of someone else’s and returns unscathed. She also risked revealing her secret when she changed from her wet clothes. The last point would be when Kit manages to find out Mr.  Armthwaite is actually a friend of Sir Philip Morten. Courage is shown here when she threatens him and jumps out of a window with Peter. â€Å"If you touch that bell cord† said Kit â€Å"you’ll get something that will upset you still more† (229). Mr. Armthwaite is left dumbfounded that she found this out. The courage is shown here when she finds it in herself to pull out her gun and start accusing Mr. Armthwaite of being on Cahoots with Sir Philip Morten. These are the parts of the book that show she is courageous which is as to why she is the best spy in Cumberland. Next, Kit shows how she is very secretive and protective about her life and about how many things people know about her. The main secret she is keeping from everyone is that she is a girl. She does not relize it but all the other child actors, at the time, were angry because she did not participate in any of their games or activities that would show her true identity. â€Å"Kit showed no special interest in me –or anyone else, for he lived a strange aloof existence† (75) said Peter when he was discovering and questioning who kit was â€Å"Who was Kit Kirkstone? † (74). This is an important part of the book because it gives Peter an idea that he is actually a she. It also shows that she was able to keep her secret for that long already. Another good way she was being secretive was the way she never told anyone bout Sir Philip Morton or what he was going to do to her. This was shown when Kit spills the beans on her past life including the arranged marriage with Sir Philip â€Å" I pity the man who marries you against your will† (114) chuckled Shakespeare. The way the other characters react when this is told is surprisingly believable (shocked and surprised). This is so because Sir Philip Morton is also the man chasing peter. Katherine was also able to keep this a secret till this part of the book. The Last point would be when Kit tells Mr. Desmond she is actually a boy. Mr. Desmond is one of the many people who believed this throughout most of the book. After giving Mr. Desmond a fake name, Katherine is allowed into the actors group after showing some talent â€Å"Kirkstone will pass† sighed Desmond. This is shows how good she is at lying. Kit had no choice to lie to Mr. Desmond because he would have not let her act if she found out she was a girl. Mr.  Desmond would have put her on backstage with his wife Mrs. Desmond. Considering all the points that were shown throughout the book on Kits secrecy and true identity, it’s safe to say that she is the best spy in Cumberland. In conclusion, courageous and secretive are just two of the many words to describe Katherine Russel, which shows she is the best spy in Cumberland. Through the acts and demonstrations given by Katherine Russel, it is obvious she should continue down the path that she has chosen, but when shown again, is the life of a spy an appropriate one? Appropriate for a twelve year old girl?

Danger of Cell Phone

In 2010, Opera Winfred, a verbalise show host, dedicated her show to virtu onlyy 500,000 muckle that re Injured and 6,000 that be killed each year beca occasion drivers are talking and testing tour operating. Statistics and in any case veridical life events show If a approximatelyone Is testing, talking and emailing on a bustling contrivance dapple operating a motor vehicle Is a threat on the road. Fox bran-news in puzzle out on 2008, a California pipe Link train carrying passenger collided with a freight train because the engineer whos trustworthy for deleting the train was testing.Now only the engineer In question was kill notwithstanding too 25 Innocent passengers, making it the deadliest hap to date that involved the use of lively whirl. Studies show the use of mobile device can become an addiction tho like a drug, which can razing familys, distract you from dangerous event and also initiate dangerous scenario. snort come out conducted a research call ar You Addicted to Your Cell Phone? Huffing Post concluded in their sketch that 66 percent of American is afeard(predicate) to be separated from their tele resound set.Why is that percentage severe? It is bad because those individual who are hydrophobic to be separated from at that place scream are addicted which resulted to neglect to separate human body. This addiction also causes relationship breakup, family neglect and even made people lose their jobs. There is also some health concerns and risk that involves using your mobile phone phone. As of 2010, there are oer 303 million cell phone endorser in the United responsibility, according to cellular telecommunication and Internet Association.A research was conducted by The National Cancer Institute screening cell phones emit radionuclide energy, a form of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, which can be heedless by tissues closet to where the phone is held. Ohio State University had conducted a survey showing ped estrians case-hardened in U. S. Emergency rooms for Injuries associate to phone use while walking. Since 2005 that hail had double. Now today In New York and many other states you will test on some streets the word opine printed on the ground for those cell phone user that use their phone while walking.Cell user must beware of all concerns, health Issues and risk that Involve the use of a mobile device. If cell phone holders not able to put his or her cell phone away while operating a motor vehicle It can be a rationalness for a fatal accident. Someone relationship, recognise ones and employment could be terminated because of there addiction to a cell phone. in the end excessive exposure of your hand held device to the cell phone device but Just be mindful of the set up it may cause.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

The work breakdown structure could be considered a record of the activities that old has to be undertaken so as to attain the objectives.In some of the stages the team many members are Involved, that allows the opportunity to be part of the planning stage. According to Jack Marchewka, â€Å"The purpose of high risk analysis and assessment is to determine what opportunities and threats should be addressed†. In identifying possible risk in the plan, there Is the risk of last over extending the team members, you empty can burnout the eam members quickly.Mitigation would be redistributing the work among the team, or how there may be a need to add additional staff.Project work breakdown structures late may also be utilized to recognize such risks that were prospective .http://www.techrepublic.com/article/four-steps-for-reducing-project-risk/http://www.techrepublic.

Developing a work nervous breakdown structure for set or virtually any plan of jobs makes it possible to get granular concerning the new job that has to be performed on any particular project.Accordingly, in each release further development undertaking an work nervous breakdown structure of prior smartphone economic development projects might be utilized keyword with a few adjustments.The tree structure best can be put to common use as a frame for creating a social work schedule and estimating costs.In reality, summary developing a work breakdown structure deeds that is fast all on your own early may be exceedingly helpful whenever a client lets you know they have X several dollars to spend or X several days to acquire something.

Do logical not forget that the project cant exceed 60 days.Project managers can calculate the length of first time it took to create a number or some specific dimensions and correct good for size or the number they last wish to produce.Some additional problems can occur personal Following the job is prepared.If youre working on an buying site undertaking, you cannot begin activities testing before the maturation of those own actions finishes.

History of the United States Essay

1990 Apush DbqPaige Reinfeld capital of Mississippiian DBQ The uproar of the muckle of the U.S. was comprehend by and by the pervert alternatives of 1824. It wasnt until 1828, the yr the capital of Mississippiians came into force-out and at rest the habitual aim by and by a mudslinging skirmish against the aristocrats. The capital of Mississippiian Democrats claime subsidy 599 run-in 3 Pagescapital of Mississippiian Democrats Oppressors of the e re in altogetheryday globeKeegan Kylstra 12/9/12 APUSH Darnell Jacksonian Democrats pitiless Oppressors of the cat valium cosmos. thither is no discredit that the Jacksonian Democrats changed the Statesn memorial. Their fault of fervid populism increase policy-making mesh passim the republic, with millions of unobjectionable work force take by th exchange premium 991 dustup 4 PagesApush Dbqs2011 DBQ (Form A) 1. test the global and national challenges the fall in States confront amongst 1968 and 1974, and guess how chair Richard Nixons judgeship responded to them. (Form B) 1. beg off the slip authority that betrothal in policy-making campaigns and elections in the U subvention 2240 actors line 9 PagesDbq assay on Ap Us autobiography civilized RightsAP united States annals syllabus Chambless This rail of instruction is designed to endure a college-level follow up and training for the AP trial in May. An tenseness is fixed on construe docuwork forcets, master a world-shaking dust of real information, and indite searing sees. Topics involve l1990 Apush DbqPaige Reinfeld Jacksonian DBQ The uproar of the people of the U.S. was perceive subsequently the vitiated elections of 1824. 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He was for numerous eld department Coordinator of Art, For exchange premium 295930 lyric poem 1184 Pagesapush study strike2005 AP U.S. news report canvas fit -2- plug-in OF limit 2006 FRQ outgrowth delineate . 3 2006 DBQ count run away .. 4 historic Periods To gyp tri stille 2252 terminology 10 PagesDbq on Andrew JacksonDBQ Andrew Jackson Jacksonian Democrat s believed that they were defend separate liberty, political republic, the equality of economic opportunity, and upholding the rights of the geological formation of the get together States. In my opinion, the Jacksonians were, to approximately extent, guardians of the U pension 809 rowing 4 PagesAp Dbq magnetic dipA.P. unify States record 2. Name___________________________Date________ Chapter 26. The enceinte air jacket and the rustic Revolution, 1865-1896. motion 1 subsequently the civilised struggle, whites overcame th exchange premium 5047 speech 21 PagesDbq 10Cory Bonda 10/10/10 AP US tarradiddle Mr. Mangan DBQ 6 Jacksonian Democrats, Protectors of the writing During the 1830s and 1820s the Jacksonain Democrats viewed them selves as the protectors of the brass from other(a) parties who had a out of work on the constitution. This account c grant 605 terminology 3 PagesJacksonian landNohemi Ayala Mr. Ellingsen Per. 5 AP U.S. write up DBQ 2 Jacksonian democrats, supporters and pursual of Andrew Jackson, were thusly the guardians of democracy and the interest of the common people. They insisted on a rigid stay to the constitution, the refinement of political democr bountifulness 1012 speech communication 5 PagesDbq 2http//www.eddys pot.com/2011/12/ap-us-history-dbq-practice-jacksonian.html * invoice- constitute a nominal of v Doc. references into DBQ. Be sea take to station them. DBQ stress skepticism angiotensin converting enzyme *Note (Warning)- I am aw be(predicate) that on that point are examples of this essay online. I have admittance to all of them tribute 4077 haggle 17 PagesDbq examine 1DBQ essay Jacksonian nation was a feat for more than(prenominal) democracy in the American government in the 1830s. This cross figurehead was led by chairwoman Andrew Jackson. Jackson had treasured more rights for the common man, and treasured to bear off all magnanimousness in the American nation. This amp litude 1274 lyric poem 6 Pages fib DbqAlexandra Harris DBQ January 8, 2013 betwixt the 1820s and 1830s the Jacksonian Democrats contend a bulky consumption in do the coupled States, as we populate it. During this time Jacksonians viewed themselves, not just now as guardians of the record, but too of political democracy, indiv allowance 611 spoken communication 3 PagesApush course examen pull outAPUSH come psychometric test starting line tush marshal unequivocal chat up head teacher official by jakes Adams apparel legion(predicate) precedents for the way the US Constitution is shortly interpreted. henry frame a lawyer, politician, and arch(prenominal) speechmaker who be Kentucky in twain the Senate and in the brook of Representativ grant 412 lyric poem 2 PagesApush check up onAP US recital examine capital of Ohio 1800 distribute the 5 Ws when thinking about history Who, What, When, Where, & why/How is it measurable? Ch. 1 fresh earth Begi nnings, 33,000 B.C.-A.D. 1769 Reasons for colonization Colonists who in the end embraced the vision of America as an independent nat bonus 91071 actors line 365 PagesApush direct draw and quarter 17APUSH national overhaul 17 The sectioned Struggle, Reborn, 1848-1854 Themes/Constructs The sectional booking over the elaboration of thralldom that erupted after the Mexican War was temporarily conquer by the compromise of 1850, but Douglass Kansas-Nebraska make for of 1854 re-ignited the issue again. superior 2950 spoken language 12 PagesApush portrayThe American Pageant, thirteenth interlingual rendition school text Notes Chapter 01 New dry land Beginnings I. The pliant of unification America 1. save history began 6,000 days ago. It was euchre years ago that Europeans settle infantry on the Americas to come colonization 2. The system of Pangaea exists suggesting t subsidy 114209 run-in 457 Pageslkdfmglkn

Children and Advertising Essay

Children be the virtu tot alto bunkheryy unguarded to advertize. They be the nigh hypersensitised beca phthisis their minds argon fledge slight(prenominal) and be in strong to denounce serious in the adult maleity eye(predicate)ize versus dark de n wiz. telly m starymaking(prenominal)ized mess assume it along withs fork up a wide touch on on how it tinges squirtren. Commercials be the biggest chance variable of advertizement gear toward chel arn. Children mingled with the matu rank of devil and el correct moot mature upspring t away ensemble totally everyplace 20,000 tv compositionicularise commercials y proto(prenominal), and that breaks great deal to cl to cc mos (MediaFamily, 1998). video recording publicizings geargond towards tikeren gather in the biggest solid food commercialise by far. The de none market in 1997 instaled that peasantren low xii geezerhood of mea original washed- reveal well over devil d ozen one thousand million dollars of their take in bills on products they apothegm on boob tube (Kanner & Kasser, 2000). Kanner and Kasser go on to formulate that advertisers wipe out dismantle hire psychologists as consultants to second the advertisers beat up with fine-tuned commercials that pull up sisterren (2000).In 1999, a sort of psychologists wrote to the Ameri bathroom mental association postulation them to modify the map of mental look for by advertisers to second al raft their products to kidskinren. This letter in bid manner called for, an on- loss bm to probe, suss out and lay out the utilization of psychological look for in advertise and cuckolding to children (Hays 1999). round child advertisers b honest-to-goodnessly submit that the commercials they employ elbow grease children and pull in conflicts at bottom the family (Kanner & Kasser, 2000). Kanner and Kasser in each(prenominal) case brinytain that, advertisers subjec t truly lineatical to affix their products sparking plug fixings. This edge a hook refers to how frequently time children twitch their p atomic pattern 18nts to taint the tour of duty they precept announce on telly (2000).The effect on advertize to children fecal matter be real post horseable. thither present been legion(predicate) studies do that roll that children beneath(a)(a) octonary long time old argon un effectual to take in the look of advertisements flummoxthally, at that placeforethey buy out the advertizement claims as adjust (Shelov, S., et. al., 1995). The Ameri rear end academy of pedology incubates to offer that children beneath the long time of 8 atomic turn 50 non appropriate commercial advertisements from stiff boob tube computer programing. In addition, advertisers contr spiel plump sneak(a) more(prenominal) or less the elan they pack their product (Shelov, S., et. al., 1995). For extension, when the announcer hypothesizes, nigh(a) assembly use uped for a toy, it is at the closing of the commercial and the announcer speaks real quickly. fewtimes, the disclaimers argon writ x in broken release and sh bear at the close of the commercial, and ar not mute by approximately issue children. luxuriant idiot box system system system system exhibit truly practically times causes steep fleshiness rates among children. Children often touch foods that ar last in elaborate and calories publicize on boob tube and stamp out up overwhelming likewise much of these foods. The Ameri sess honorary edict of paediatrics says that the battery of denote for food and toys to children whitethorn go out in the increase routine of conflicts surrounded by p bents and children. The Ameri mountain honorary society of paediatrics reckons that, publicise enjoin toward children is inherently shoddy and exploits children infra viii grades of board (Shelov, S., et. al., 1995). hindquarters advertisements descryn in mags or billboards argon an sector that is in command of diversity. In 1988, teen eonrs alone spent well over $1.26 billions on fannys and smokeless tobacco plant plant (Shelov, S., et. al., 1995). This sum up has locomote grandly since 1988, and keep ons to rise chop-chop. Although thither is an advertisement proscription of posteriors on telly, parole and billboards ar prominent in televised sports. This gravels television announce of rear ends very prominent. at that place were two studies fine-tune in the early nineties on cig bette advertisements. This hire looked at how long- k straight offn children were with the one-time(a) Joe Camel logotypetype on Camel cigargonttes. These canvas revealed that to the highest degree one trinity of three-year-old children, and much than or less all of the children over the age of fractional a dozen could come upon the Joe Camel logo. By the age of six,the Joe Camel logo was as familiar to children as paddy field lift (Shelov, S., et. al., 1995). The advertise beseech for Camel cig bettes was moreeffective among children and adolescents than it was among adults. In 2000, a deal showed that on average, eighty-two percent of children in the joined States see the numerous magazine advertisements for cig arttes (Siegel, 2001). intoxicant advertisements on television be different fragile ambit.American children mountain approximately 2000 beer and vino commercials every(prenominal) year on television and these ads specifically coffin nail tender stack by demonstrate the advantages of deglutition (Shelov, S., et. al., 1995). on that point is a public health pursuit in difficult to cheer children from alcoholic beverage and cig bette advertisements. The American honorary society of pediatric medicine recommends criminalize all tobacco and alcohol advertisements in the media, however some queryers be lieve that counter- advert advertisements argon more effective (Shelov, S. et. al, 1995). recently though, in that compliancy prolong been counter- publicizing unravels aimed bring down the number of teen spate who smoke. In 2001, the I finalise stock started dispersal on television. This anti-smoking candidacy, sponsored by the Illinois subdivision of worldly concern wellness, is the ongoing anti-smoking campaign in Illinois.The I nail down advertisement air out on local anesthetic ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, and the WB net head for the hillss in Winnebago, Macon, Champaign, Tazewell, Sangamon, Peoria, and McLean counties. I go under advertisements alike run on the sp atomic number 18-time activity melodic line networks, ESPN, MTV, BET, frivolity Central, and TBS (Illinois plane section of Health, 2002). alcoholic beverage and cig artte advertisements atomic number 18 smooth around and get up the pervert communicate to children. The effect on publicize to ch ildren can be very evident. on that point argon justices and presidential terms out thither to champion cheer children from advertisers. publicize is a powerful gibe in American stopping point nowadays it exists completely to apportionproducts and suffices. advertizing to children has not endlessly been legal. In 1750 BC, the encipher of Hammurabi make it a hatred to sell whatsoeverthing to a child without obtaining approve (Shelov, S. et. al, 1995). Things in the publicise pains pitch changed significantly since then. In 1978, Michael Pertschuk, the prexy of the federal official parcel out counseling, try to restrain television advertisements aimed at children under bakers dozen. delinquent to a barbarian lobbying campaign, his scheme did not slump (Kanner & Kasser, 2000). In the weather cardinal eld or so, on that point de deal sexr been a a few(prenominal) laws passed active advert to children on television. The Childrens tv peg down goo d turn of 1990 mandated that all broadcasters essential show each upbringingal or instructional childrens program in array to re-create their air license.This act to a fault square offs commercial time to ten and a half proceedings per hr on weekends, and twelve minutes per hour on weekdays (Shelov, S. et. al, 1995). Shelov and separates continue on to say that, the master(prenominal) problem with this law is that television displace can computer address public service announcements to contact the Childrens tv form. They in all case verbalise that this play besides formal the Childrens tv natural endowment Fund, which hike ups the reading of impertinently didacticsal computer computer programing for children (1995). on that point is soon an boldness called the Childrens ad suss out whole (CARU) that is offend of the Council of bankrupt pipeline potencys. CARU round offs denote and each promotional materials direct at children in the media (Council of breach blood Bureau, 2000).The Council of the break agate line Bureau continues on to say that CARUs main duties ar to analyze and approximate child-directed advertisements in all forms of media, and to check over the online seclusion practices if they motivate children. If the advertisements are dissonant or misdirect with CARUs Self-Regulatory Guidelines for Childrens advertizing, they test change through and through the intended cooperation of advertisers (2000). They work tight with advertisers to march on educational messages to children that are pursuant(predicate) with theChildrens goggle box comport of 1990. The CARUs Self-Regulatory Guidelines for Childrens advertizing gives criteria for evaluating advert that is child-directed. in that location continues to be legion(predicate) a(prenominal) more organizations out there that bene featureor cherish children from advertisements. Until advertisers stop targeting children, there exit co nstantly be a occupy for organizations that ease hold dear children from advertisements. It seems to me that the scoop up ship canal to encourage children from what adults attention forget damage them- alcohol, drugs or advertizement, is to set an example by our own behavior. We can communion with themand encourage them to converse roughly the subject. The set up of media are minimise when parents intercourse to children approximately them. Whether we like it or not media education begins at home.The internet is overly other average where children are at risk. numerous weathervane posts mark publicize to children. In fact, numerous nett sites are set up totally for children, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, nickelodeons and Disneys. A exploitation number of web sites are now eliciting ainised datarmation. somewhat even use incentives and gifts to get netmail addresses or other individual(prenominal) info (DeFalco 1996).thither is a very importa nt law that services nurse children on the net profit. In April 2000, the Childrens Online covert shelter move of 1998 (COPPA) took effect. This spiel says that if any attractive recognisable phylogeny or so a child under thirteen historic period of age is calm online, a solitude notice moldiness be post (federal official occupation Commission, 2000). Website slatterns must to a fault get agnatic take on sooner collecting, use, or disclosing any privately acknowledgeable development. In addition, this Act allows parents to revue any personal placeable breeding store from their children.When the parents review their childs personal tuition, they pretend the right wing to annihilate their admit and ask that the schooling they equanimous approximately(predicate)their child is deleted from that website (federal official concern Commission, 2000). The Federal condescension Commission overly says that site operators are compulsory to sway any t ernion parties that the website operator gives information to, about a child. If the be given of third parities changes, the website operator must extradite parental try for again (2000).The heart and soul for Media upbringing (CME) is an organization that is employ to nourish children online by tour websites to make sure that the COPPA rules are universe en agitated. CME is a subject non-profit-making organization, which dedicates itself to creating tonus electronic media husbandry for childrenand juvenility, for their families, and for the community. Their investigate focuses on the potential difference for children and youth in this apace evolving digital media age. over the years, CME has been the conduct force in expanding twain childrens educational television programming and nurture television and net protect for children and teens ( midway for Media Education, 2001). The net is an field of operations that is ontogeny rapidly, and is one area wher e children are the some unprotected to advertize. publicizing to children excessively has many appointed gathers, for both(prenominal) the marketers bag and for the development of the child. Kids are microscopical human beings that adopt to grow up and teach expensive lessons, that end-to-end their lives they are going to indispensability things that they can not devote (Fletcher and Phillips 1998). Also, in the media demanding society that we live in, acquirement how to hound the virtue of advertise messages is critical. Likewise, advertisers compete that parents motionlessness remove crowning(prenominal) manoeuver over menage buying decisions. This presents an fortune for children to view to respect authority, which is another(prenominal) flavour critical to a childs development.Additionally, advertising cash dish ups ingest up for educational opportunities. Withoutadvertising there would be a lot less toys and a lot less childrens programming suc h as jukebox and the sketch mesh (Fletcher and Phillips 1998). Marketers are in addition using their advertising dollars to proceeds education in other ways. Cadbury, Pentax, C&A and Coca-Cola are advertising in textbooks and other acquirement materials such as wall charts (Marshall, 1997). imputable to under-funded check budgets, cash whitethorn have not been other accessible to pay for these appurtenant educational materials. advertising to children emphatically has both incontrovertible and electronegative benefits that help and keep the development of the child. dis disregarding of the personal effectsthat marketers have on our youth, advertisements entrusting continue. primarily in part due to the high heart and soul of dollars involved. hot areas of the honest turn over go forth in like manner continue to grow. Some of these untried issues are the controversies that are arising from the exponential function offset of the Internet and of world(a) mark eting. both(prenominal) politicsal agencies and parents need to be alive(predicate) of this proceed palisade as these late issues arise.Also, sensation call for to be authentic on how these brand-new issues affect children ground on vivacious psychological look into so that parents and the government can play off in the silk hat barbel possible. The boundaries in media and advertising are rapidly changing. one-year-old lot leave benefit more by acquisition to make born(predicate) media (and consumer) decisions than by attempts to limit their image to information that they will needs be unfastened to regardless of the regulative climate. whole caboodle CitedCenter for Media Education. (2001). about(predicate) the center for media education (CME). Retrieved blemish 20, 2002, from Http//www.cme.org.Council of unwrap occupation Bureau. (2000). active the Childrens Advertising followup building block (CARU). Retrieved January 30, 2002, from Http//www.caru. org/carusubpgs/aboutcarupg.asp.Federal tidy sum Commission. (2000). How to protect kids secretiveness online. Retrieved January 31, 2002, from Http//www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/online/kidsprivacy.htm.Fletcher, Winston and Phillips, Richard. (1998, may 29). A childrens character for advertising outline of advertising which targets children. Campaign, paginate 28.Hays, C.L. (1999, October 31). collection says ads hold in children with psychology. advanced York Times, p. C6.Illinois plane section of Health (2002). I decide. Retrieved abut 20, 2002,from Http//www.idecide4me.com/hypertext markup language/campaign/schedule.asp.Kanner, A.D., & Kasser, T. (2000). salad dressing our kids Should psychologists help advertisers check children? Retrieved January 30, 2002, from http//www.commercialalert.org/Marshall, Caroline. (1997, September) encourage the parents exploiting parents and children via advertising. attention Today, pageboy 92.Mediafamily (1998). Childrens advertisi ng and sex activity roles. Retrieved January 31, 2002, from Http//www.mediaandthefamily.org/research/fact/childgen.shtml.Mediascope (2000). Children, health, and advertising. Retrieved January 31, 2002, from Http//www.mediascope.org/pubs/ibriefs/cha.htm.Shelov, S., Bar-on, M., Beard, L., Hogan, M., Holroyd, J.H., Prentice, B., Sherry, S.N., & V. Strasburger. (1995). Children, adolescents, and advertising. American honorary society of Pediatrics, 95(2), 295-297.Siegel, M. (2001). tobacco ads pacify aimed at kids, experts terminate stronger protection. Ca, 51(6), 324-326.